86 BULLETIN 440, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
mill a double surfacer and a small band resaw are required. Power 
is usually furnished by a separate plant from that of the sawmill, 
though it may be combined with the power plant of the box factory. 
Planing mills cost from $4,000 to $5,000 for a sawmill of 40,000 feet 
capacity, from $8,000 to $10,000 for a single-band mill, and $15,000 
for a double-band mill. The cost of planing is approximately $1 per 
1,000. It is estimated that 30 per cent is the normal proportion of 
the output that is surfaced in this manner. Upon this basis the pro- 
rated cost upon the entire cut would be from 30 to 35 cents per 
1,000. 
Taking all the above items into consideration, the cost of yard 
handling at most band mills ranges from $1.65 to $2 per 1,000. A 
cost of $1.85 per 1,000 may be considered as normal. At smaller 
mills the yard work involves less detail and costs less. 
Most large lumber concerns also operate box and door factories 
and finishing plants. These are commonly operated in connection 
with the shipping yards. The principal products are door cuttings, 
box shooks, moldings, etc., which may be considered as products 
obtained from the remanuf acture of lumber. 
TRANSPORTATION TO COMMON CARRIERS. 
All sawmills located on common carrier trunk-line railroads load 
then lumber product for shipment directly into trunk-fine cars in the 
shipping yard. A large proportion of the mills in the sugar and 
yellow pine region, not so advantageously located, must provide 
some means of delivering lumber to the trunk-line shipping points. 
WAGON HAULS. 
The simplest method of transporting lumber is to haul it on wagons 
with horses. It is the only means at practically all of the small 
circular mills. At the smallest of these the cut is sold at the mill 
and each rancher hauls home his purchase. Where the lumber is 
shipped on the nearest railroad or sold to retail yards in the nearest 
large town, the sawmill operator maintains a number of teams and 
wagons for hauling lumber. 
The usual lumber outfit consists of a jerk-line team of eight horses 
hauling two wagons and driven by one teamster. For a 10-mile 
haul with a moderate amount of adverse grade the average load of 
lumber is 800 feet per horse. The average load for a team is there- 
fore in the neighborhood of 6,000 feet. Upon an 8 to 10 mile haul such 
a team makes one round trip daily. Practieally all such hauling is 
done on contract by the owners of the teams and wagons used. The 
standard contract rate for a haul of 9 or 10 miles with a small amount 
of adverse grade is $3 per 1,000. The contract rate for a difficult 
haul of 40 miles in length is $10 per 1,000. The rate for a 40-mile 
