BULLETIN 568, U. S. DEPAETMEXT OF AGRICULTURE. 
which were of the Fuggle variety, do not differ essentially from those 
of the remaining samples, which were of the English Cluster variety. 
Samples 178 and, 186, taken from yards which were not sprayed, 
showed practically the same quantity of arsenic as the samples from 
yards sprayed with a solution of whale-oil soap and quassia. 
The quantities of arsenic found in the unsulphured samples were 
far below the limit of 0.01 grain per pound (1.4 parts per million) set 
in England by the Royal Commission on Arsenical Poisoning. 
Table I. — Arsenic in sun-dried unsulphured hops grown at Independence, Oreg., in 1915. 
Xo. Source of sample. 
Arsenic as As 2 3 N 
(part per million), j 1 
Source of sample. 
Arsenic as A- ; 3 
(part per million). 
176 
Yard A 
0.2 
.2 
. 2 
.1 
.1 
. 1 
196 
199 
201 
202 
Yard G . 
0.2 
:? 
177 
do 
YardH.. . 
17s 
Yard B. ..• 
Yard I 
1 5 
YardC 
do 
186 
Yard D 
Yard E . . . 
.10 
134 
Yard F 
.3 
The quantities of arsenic found in samples of sulphured hops are 
given in Table II. Where possible, samples of the sulphur used in 
curing these hops were collected and analyzed. The results of these 
analyses also are given in Table II. 
Of the 26 samples of kiln-dried hops only four, of which two were 
duplicates, contained less than 1 part of arsenic per million parts of 
hops. The average results show that whereas unsulphured hops 
contain no appreciable quantity of arsenic, hops which were treated 
with fumes from sulphur having about 100 parts of arsenic (As 2 3 ) 
per million contained about 3 or 4 parts of arsenic per million parts 
of hops. 
On account of the irregularity of distribution of arsenic in the 
sulphur, it is not possible to be sure that any sample of hops was 
treated with sulphur of exactly the composition of the sample taken 
to represent the sulphur. The quantity of sulphur used is also 
variable, ranging from 1 to 4 pounds of sulphur for 25 pounds of 
dried hops. Notwithstanding all these chances for disagreement, 
the results in Table II show in general a relation between the 
quantities of arsenic in the hops and in the sulphur used in curing. 
The quantities of arsenic in the hops average about 3 or 4 per cent 
of the quantity in the sulphur used in curing. On this basis sulphur 
containing 25 or 30 parts of arsenic per million would on the average 
contaminate hops with about 1 part of arsenic per million parts 
of hops. If the arsenic is unevenly distributed through the sul- 
phur it is possible that some samples of hops might contain much 
more arsenic than the quantity which would correspond to the arsenic 
in the sulphur. 
