8 BULLETIN 41, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
has been deducted. In addition to the labor income the operator 
received a house to live in, fuel (when cut from the farm), garden 
products, milk, butter, eggs, etc. The labor income corresponds to 
what a hired man receives when he is given so much cash wages, 
together with board and room. 
Farm owner.—The term “ farm owner ” is applied to the man who 
works or manages the farm he owns. 
Owner additional.—The term “ owner additional ” is used to desig- 
nate the man who owns a farm and rents additional land. 
Landlord.—The landlord is the owner of a farm which is rented 
to a tenant. 
Tenant.—The tenant is the person operating a farm rented from 
one landlord. 
Tenant additional—The term “ tenant additional ” applies to the 
person operating land rented from more than one landlord. 
Number and kinds of farms studied —In the total area studied in 
the three States 700 complete farm records were secured. These 
were divided into four classes, according to the method of manage- 
ment. The farms operated by owners numbered 273. None of these 
men rented additional itand, but worked only the farms they owned. 
The farms operated by tenants numbered 247, each farm being owned 
by one landlord, whose income from that farm was determined. The 
third class comprised a group of farmers, 126 in all, who owned one 
farm and rented additional land. They took this means of having 
the use of more land than they actually owned. The fourth class, 
51 in number, is made up of a few tenants who rented land from two 
er more landlords. These were not included in the tabulations with 
the other tenant farmers who operated only one farm. 
Of the 700 farms studied, 57 per cent were operated by owners 
and 43 per cent by tenants. Table I gives the number and classifica- 
tion of the records taken in each of the States. 
TABLE I.—Number and classification of farms studied in Indiana, Illinois, and 
Towa, 
Classification of farms. Indiana. | Illinois. | Iowa. 
Farms operated by— 
Oywmerss 25: isa) kis Seas tdi ee ereinets ofs Je sacle eae errr 123 73 77 
MenAnts feiss sh os Beis) Sas RS Oe RSS ee SS a ee eae 83 71 93 
Owners who rented additionaliland’:. == 20 ee eae eee 56 36 37 
Tenants, but owned by two or more landlords..........-..-..--..--.--- 15 16 20 
otal. 424.036 20 S20 3 eh ea PES ee ee ee ee eee 277 196 227 
INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON RESULTS. 
In studying the profits of a region certain factors which may exert 
a marked influence must be noted. It has been conclusively demon- 
