22 BULLETIN 41, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
TABLE XVI.—RFelation of the tenant’s and the landlord’s capital, ete—Continued. 
OPERATED BY TENANTS IN ILLINOIS (71 FARMS). 
| Number| Tenant’s | Tenant’s | Landlord’s| Landlord’s 
Tenant’s capital. ‘offarms.| 2VeTage labor average | income on 
; capital. income. capital. |investment. 
| | Per cent. 
SHOUEORS T0002 as) -;5.tet Ses hae ees Pee 4) $871 $429 $10, 031 2.7 
SIDOMLO STOO ek ae een oe | 10. 1, 262 614 — 23,737 3.5 
SiPh Otay Re "000 Ns. 2 oe ees Secs ea 15 1, 733 709 | 29, 703 4.1 
S200 ICOISS O00 rere en cece oo ee ee | 18 | 2,482 1, 054 36, 948 4.05 
$3 OOMCOrS4 000! ane a= sais Seto ees 15 | 3, 493 1,085 42, 898 3.3 
S45 OOUR TOL SO!000 ee ec come see seen on ins | 4 | 4, 828 1, 732 50, 950 3.6 
S600 WandlOviens assets cee cela een ee eer | 5 9,011 4,117 | 70, 750 Sd 
Total or average for Illinois.........-. | 71 2, 867 1,139 36, 479 3.6 
OPERATED BY TENANTS IN IOWA (93 FARMS). 
SHOU LOGIE OOOE epee eae cid ely) Betas rs | 4 $776 | 
| 
| $272 $8, 568 Bey 
SLE OOIECORS UE SOD Fee ie tiie | 16 1, 288 | 387 13, 808 3.0 
SIESOUCOIS 2/000 ree oo a eres Se uie oe eee 14 1,816 490 16,971 2.8 
S21001GCO}S3* O00 Ree sey. ac eee cence eee 30 2, 455 639 19, 374 3.0 
CB UO Taye E00 0G S eee se SO ee oe 18 3, 428 983 25, 027 3.2 
SA OOM OSG O00 ssaS oa eceeek adem ecmsee 8 4, 825 1,334 31, 490 Bae 
SOlOOMANMIOVer tee tee cee sete eee eee emiene 3 8, 203 1,641 50, 412 4.7 
Total or average for Iowa............-- 93 | 2, 667 | 716 20, 728 B67 
Almost without exception the tenant’s income is in direct propor- 
tion to the sum he has invested (fig. 4). This is a very encouraging 
fact in that it shows that a tenant is able to acquire sufficient capital 
to become an owner. Many farmers begin as hired men. After a 
few years they save enough money or acquire credit so that they 
can rent a farm. This gives them a start, even though it may be a 
small place at the outset. By renting, the income is increased over 
the amount that could be earned as a hired man, and in a few years 
the tenant is able to establish sufficient credit or save enough to enable 
him to rent a larger place. 
ONE REASON WHY TENANTS CHANGE FARMS. 
Men who start in as tenants usually have very little capital and 
are limited in the size of the farm business they can select. After 
a few years of work they have enough teams and equipment to rent 
a larger farm, which will pay them increased returns for their year’s 
labor. The changing of tenants from one farm to another is thus 
frequently a transitory step by young men seeking to become farm 
owners. If these same men were compelled to start on a small place 
and stay there for a long period of years they could never hope to 
eventually become owners, but by selecting farms which will use 
their entire working capital to its maximum they are able to advance 
rapidly. The income that a tenant receives with a capital of $4,000 
to $6,000 is decidedly greater than that which he would have if he 
purchased a farm with that amount. No farm owner with less than a 
$20,000 investment received a labor income of over $2,000, while 1 ten- 
ant out of every 22 received this income with less than $6,000 capital. 
