FARM-MANAGEMENT SURVEY OF REPRESENTATIVE AREAS. 39 
Those men having the best training made the largest incomes, 
although they were materially helped in doing this by much larger 
farms and greater capital. 
To determine the real influence of education, the tenant farmers 
having the same training were divided according to their capital 
(Table XXXITT). 
TABLE XXXIII.—Felation of education to profits of tenants with equal capital. 
— 
Capital and training. 
Units of comparison $1,000 and less. $1,001 to $2,000. $2,001 to $3,000. Over $3,000. 
Common| High |Common}| High |Common| High |Common| High 
school. school. school. school. school. school. school. school. 
Number of farms. .... 23 3 73 19 54 12 40 23 
Average size...acres.. 69 109 138 123 184 165 251 266 
Average age of farmer. 36.4 29.3 36.9 31.1 39.8 28.3 39.5 36.8 
Average capital. ..__. $686 $730 $1, 517 $1, 549 $2, 427 $2, 513 $4, 023 $5, 095 
Average labor income 318 259 561 659 864 866 1, 086 2,087 
The difference is in favor of the high-school men, especially in the 
group of those having over $3,000 capital. In this case they made 
nearly double the average income. 
Considering that the farm boys of to-day will be the farmers 
of to-morrow, altogether too little attention is given to their train- 
ing. Farming is a business the same as any other industry, and 
until our schools teach some of the fundamental principles governing 
profitable farming the farm boy is likely to seek work elsewhere. 
Many boys leave the farm because they see no future in it. Another 
wnportant reason is the lack of profitable work at home. A moderate- 
sized farm is necessary to give employment to the farmer and his 
sons. The small farm does not provide work; hence, the boys must 
find employment elsewhere. Let them fully understand how farm 
profits and losses are made and there will be an incentive to remain. 
First make our farms profitable, and the question of keeping the boys 
there will solve itself. 
FARMING AS A BUSINESS. 
By studying a sufficient number of farms in a region one may 
fearn how the more successful farms differ from the less successful. 
So far, this discussion has dealt only with an analysis of the farm 
business. From this study of profitable and unprofitable farms cer- 
tain important principles governing farm organization are clearly 
brought out. These fundamentals are as follows: (1) Size of busi- 
ness, (2) quality of business, (8) diversity of business, and (4) 
adaptability of the type of farming. 
