20 
BULLETIN" 524, U. S. DEPAKTMEN'T OF AGEICULTUEE. 
25, and the proper correction applied. It may be assumed safely 
that all the sulphate is present as calcium sulphate, as the amount 
of sulphates other than calcium in salt is usually very small. Correc- 
tion may not always give absolutely true values, but in the majority 
of cases the results are probably well within the limits of error 
of the work. The limit of 25 is not to be considered as an arbi- 
trary rule that may not be altered by future work, but rather as 
a fair maximum standard, especially after correction is made for 
calcium sulphate in the salt, and one that should give the manufac- 
turer the benefit of any doubt. 
USE OF LIME TO RENOVATE OLD STORAGE BUTTER. 
While cooperating with the Denver internal revenue office another 
use of lime as a neutralizer was detected. Upon applying the spoon 
test for renovation on some samples of butter submitted by the 
revenue agent, a very peculiar reaction was noticed. The butter 
when heated formed a foam similar in appearance to that observed 
when glucose is heated for ashing purposes. Instead of forming 
large bubbles which broke quickly, these samples produced a foam 
with very small bubbles, which held up for an unusual length of time 
and emitted a strange, sweetish odor when heated. Upon factory 
inspection it was found that the firm making the product examined 
was using lime to sweeten and deodorize old storage butter. It was 
essentially a chemical renovation process. Frozen storage butter 
was broken into a tank containing slaked lime and water and was 
allowed to "temper" for about 12 hours. The product was then 
removed, washed, worked over, and sold as creamery butter. 
In Table 15 are given the data collected on this variety of butter. 
Table 15. — Analyses of storage butters renovated by the use of lime. 
Sample. 
No. 
Alkalinity. 
CaOin 
butter. 
Salt-free 
ash. 
CaOin 
salt-free 
ash. 
CcN/10 
acid per 
100 grams. 
Per cent. 
Per cent. 
Per cent. 
3053-E .... 
102.0 
0.282 
0.40 
70.5 
3054-E.... 
26.6 
.069 
.15 
46.0 
3055-E.... 
62.0 
.174 
.29 
60.0 
3057-E .... 
21.5 
.069 
.19 
36.3 
3063-E .... 
29.0 
.085 
.20 
42.5 
3064-E.... 
.080 
.20 
40.0 
5533-E.... 
""*67."6" 
.180 
.32 
56.2 
5534-E .... 
68.0 
.175 
.31 
56.4 
5553-E .... 
5554-E i. . . 
5555-E ! 
97.5 
297.0 
341.0 
.275 
.840 
.940 
5566-E .... 
26.5 
.078 
."i7*" 
"*"45.~ 8*" 
5567-E .... 
29.0 
.0S3 
.18 
46.1 
5568-E 
.190 
.146 
.33 
.25 
57.5 
58.4 
5569-E.... 
5570- E .... 
""28*5" 
.080 
.17 
47.0 
5571-E .... 
28.5 
.0S6 
.21 
40.9 
1 Butter mixed with lime water taken from tank in which the butter was neutralized. 
