OS BULLETIN 952, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
erations, thus reducing the cost of equipment and labor charge as 
well. If only a few of the products are manufactured, the profits 
would necessarily be reduced, since the cost of preparing the ma- 
terial would be distributed over a smaller number of products. 
Complete utilization of grape waste for its full market value would 
be possible only when done at one point, since increased costs would 
mitigate against the success of the undertaking if attempted at sev- 
eral points with only a fraction of the total quantity of material 
available for reduction. 
SUMMARY. 
Since this investigation has shown that the waste which accumu- 
lates annually in large quantities at the various grape-juice plants 
can be made to yield a number of commercially valuable products, 
the utilization of this material should command the serious attention 
of manufacturers. 
The possibilities have been pointed out and attention has been 
called to the proper and most economical methods for handling the 
waste. The procedure and methods of treating the stems, seeds, and 
skins for the production of cream of tartar, oil, 011 cake, tannin ex- 
tract, and jelly are most important from the samipon: at successful 
Sloitition: 
A careful study of the cost of the various operations involved in 
handling the waste and in manufacturing the products shows, by 
comparison with the returns, that profitable utilization is entirely 
possible. 
It should be understood that all costs and returns, unless other- 
wise specified, were calculated on prices prevalent during the winter 
of 1919-20. Therefore fluctuations in prices and costs of freight, 
labor, machinery, and products must be given due consideration in 
the ‘ictegmreetenttom of the returns possible from an undertaking of 
this character. 
With the growth of the grape-juice industry an increase in the 
quantity of waste will result. The more urgently, therefore, should 
be emphasized the necessity for utilizing this waste, both as an 
adjunct to the mother industry and as a reclamation project of agri- 
cultural and industrial importance. 7 
