40 BULLETIN 941, L T . S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
One great advantage of pasture made from the tame grasses is 
that they furnish grazing earlier in the spring, and for about four to 
six weeks longer in the fall than native grass pastures. 
THE ORGANIZATION AND PROFITS OF INDIVIDUAL FARMS. 
To be profitable a farm should follow the type of farming best 
adapted to its conditions, should be efficient in the use of both man 
and horse labor, adequately yet economically equipped and as good 
as or better than the average farm of its type in size of business, }deld 
of crops, and returns from live stock. The land must be capable of 
growing crops for sale or crops to be utilized in producing something 
which can be sold. Crops which are not in either of these classes will 
not profit the producer, even though the land is suited to their pro- 
duction, nor will their production be profitable unless they are utilized 
when produced. Thus, though a farmer has land suitable to the 
production of a perishable crop requiring a highly organized market- 
ing system of distribution, if he is located in a section where such an 
organization is not available and has not the ability or the means to 
provide it, it would not pay him to produce such a crop. The land 
operated may also be too high in price to produce profitable returns 
on the investment under the type of farming to which it is best 
adapted. 
Many factors cause a variation in the profit from various farm 
products from year to year. One year a product may be produced 
at a profit, the next at a loss, or the attempt to produce it may result 
in a failure. The farming business, however, has to go on each year, 
and in regions where wide variations both in yields and in prices 
exist the farmer may have a greater assurance of an income each 
year by having a combination of revenue-producing enterprises. 
Should one or two fail, the income from the others will compensate 
the loss. These enterprises should be so organized that labor may 
be utilized as effectively as possible throughout the year. 
The statement and analysis of combined farms afforded the oppor- 
tunity of observing what enterprises, considering the region as a whole, 
were being exploited and to what extent they were productive of 
revenue. 
In figure 16 is shown the labor income (each bar represents the 
labor income of a farm) of each of the valley and level-upland farms 
and each of the hilly farms. The farms are arranged according to 
the acreage devoted to' crops, beginning with the farm having the 
smallest acreage of crops. From this chart it will be seen that of 
the valley and level upland group only one farmer earned over $2,000 
labor income, and he had next to the largest acreage in crops.' Fifteen 
had over $1,000, and eight earned no cash wage for their year's labor 
and less than 5 per cent on the capital invested. Of the hilly farms, 
