CLOVEE AND ALFALFA SEED CHALCIS-FLY. 17 
PASTURING INFESTED FIELDS. 
The great mistake of pasturing alfalfa seed fields which have be- 
come too severely infested to yield a crop worth harvesting is too fre- 
quently made. Live stock walking through the ripe alfalfa cause 
the seeds to be shelled out and those infested with hibernating larvse 
of the chalcis-fly fall on the ground, where they become the source 
of infestation for the following year. 
HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES. 
TETRASTICHUS BRUCHOPHAGI Gahan (6). 
Tetrastichus bruchophagi 1 (PL III) is generally distributed over 
most of the northern half of the United States. In the central Cali- 
fornia alfalfa seed-growing sections it is the most active of the pres- 
ent known parasites of Bruchophagus fwnebris. While it can not be 
depended upon to control the alfalfa-seed chalcis-fly, it has been ob- 
served to destroy about 50 per cent of the larvae of the chalcis-fly 
normally in the fields. This species develops within the seed and 
feeds upon the larval stage of its host. 
LIODONTOMERUS SECUNDUS Gahan (8). 
Liodontomerus secvmdus 2 (PL IV) has been found by the writer 
to be an active parasite upon the chalcis-fly when the latter infests 
the seeds of red clover. It does not seem to attack the chalcis-fly 
larvae infesting alfalfa seeds. This species is apparently most active 
in the red-clover seed-growing sections of Oregon and Idaho. It is 
active in the fields throughout the summer and hibernates in the lar- 
val stage within the infested seeds left on the field. 
EUTELUS BRUCHOPHAGI Gahan (8). 
Eutelus bruchophagi 2 (PL V) is of economic importance as a 
parasite of the chalcis-fly in the mountain valleys of southern Idaho 
and central Utah. It has also been found by the writer east of the 
Sierra Nevada Mountains in northern California. It does not appear 
to be present in the southwestern alfalfa seed-growing districts. 
LIODONTOMERUS PERPLEXUS Gahan (8). 
Liodontomerus perplexus 2 (PL VI) is a parasite of considerable 
importance in checking the abundance of the chalcis-fly breeding in 
alfalfa seeds throughout western Arizona. It was reared as far north 
1 For a more complete account of the species, see Urbahns (10). 
2 For a more complete account of this species, see Urbahns (11). 
