CLOVER AND ALFALFA SEED CHALCIS-FLY. 6 
DISTRIBUTION. 
In 1904 Dr. E. G. Titus (5) gave the following distribution of B. 
funebris by States: Hanford, Cal. ; Fort Collins, Colo.; Marengo 
and Urbana, 111.; Winona Lake, Ind. ; Kichmond, Kans. ; Agricul- 
tural College, Mich. ; Agricultural College, Miss. ; St. Anthony Park, 
Minn.; Quaker Street, N. Y. ; Corvallis, Oreg. ; Providence, K. I.; 
Burlington, Vt. ; Pullman, Wash. ; Danville and Virginia Beach, Va., 
and the District of Columbia. Mr. George I. Beeves reported this 
species from Lincoln, Nebr., the same year, and in 1915 Prof. F. M. 
Webster reported its presence at Tyngsboro, Mass., Kensington, Md., 
Lebanon, N. EL, and Chambersburg, Pa. It was further reported from 
Wakeman, Ohio, in 1905, by W. B. Hall ; at Albuquerque, N. Mex., 
1908, Sacaton, Ariz., 1909, and central Utah, 1910, by C. N. Ainslie; 
at Piano, Tex., in 1909, by T. D. Urbahns; at Twin Falls, Idaho, in 
1911, by H. T. Osborn; at Nashville, Tenn., in 1910, by George G. 
Ainslie; at Newell, S. Dak., in 1913, by C. N. Ainslie; at Alva, Okla., 
in 1913, by E. G. Kelly ; at Charleston, Mo., in 1914, by G. W. Barber; 
at Minden, Iowa, in 1915, by T. D. Urbahns ; at Hagerstown, Md., in 
1916, by H. L. Parker ; and at Fallon, Nev., in 1917, by T. D. Urbahns. 
Under later dates, B. funebris was reared from many additional 
localities by the writer and other persons connected with the Bureau 
of Entomology, so that at the present time it is known to be present 
in practically every locality in the United States where either red 
clover or alfalfa seed is grown to any extent. 
In 1913 the writer found it in alfalfa seed reported by a seed 
dealer to have arrived from Germany. This species has also been 
reported from other foreign countries as follows : 
1906, N. E. Hansen, Medicago falcata, Omsk, Siberia. 
1907, C. V. Piper, alfalfa, Turkestan, Asia. 
1908, Mr. Brand, alfalfa, Pisa and Matilla, Chile. 
1908, N. E. Hansen, alfalfa, Tashkent, Turkestan, Asia. 
1908, J. G. Sanders, alfalfa, Tashkent, Turkestan, Asia. 
1910, C. P. Lounsbury, alfalfa, Cape Town, South Africa. 
CHARACTER OF ATTACK. 
The injury caused by the chalcis-fly consists entirely of the hollow- 
ing out of the developing seeds (PL II, fig. 2). By the time the 
alfalfa seed pods and the clover heads have matured the destructive 
work of this minute larva has been completed within the infested 
seed, and the result is a hollow seed containing the insect in one of 
its stages, or simply the seed shell from which the adult insect has 
emerged. (PL II, figs. 3 and 4.) This pest in no way interferes 
with the growing of either alfalfa or red clover for forage purposes, 
except in so far as a very poor stand may be expected when infested 
and hollowed-out seeds are planted. The loss caused by this pest 
