Cut-Over Pine Lands in the South. 
31 
proved pasture. The foundation of practically all these pastures was 
Bermuda grass, although a large number included lespedeza and a 
• few' were carpet-grass pastures. That the average of 1.6 acres per 
head is a conservative figure for improved pastures is borne out by 
the writers' observations in all sections. Many pastures have been 
observed which had a considerably higher carrying capacity, and as 
a rule the Bermuda and carpet-grass pastures are understocked 
rather than overstocked during the season of most rapid growth. 
Both Bermuda and carpet grass will stand very close grazing, and 
Bermuda especially is not relished by cattle if it is allowed to make 
a rank growth. 
The general farmer or small landowner should spare no effort in 
establishing pastures on cleared lands in order that the small num- 
ber of cattle he is able to keep may have the most favorable grazing. 
The large landowner or ranchman with many cattle can establish 
pastures on cleared land only gradually and in a limited way. He 
is concerned with utilizing the cheap range pasture and his problem 
is improving large areas of the native pasture with the stumps on. 
Cost is the limiting factor in improving large areas and the 
problem is necessarily more difficult in its solution. The native 
pastures can not be improved immediately to have the carrying 
capacity of the permanent pastures described above without clearing 
the land. They may be gradually improved, however, at a very 
small cost, so that their carrying capacity will be doubled. 
Considerable selection can be made from the great number of 
pasture and forage crops grown in the Piney Woods section, but 
certain crops have become prominent in different regions. The 
recommendations for the Coastal Plain as given by the authorities 
of the different experiment stations is tabulated below, including 
the three important pasture and hay plants of each State. Many 
other crops which do well are not included. The recommendations 
were given by Director H. W. Barre, of South Carolina ; Prof. 
J. E. Fain, of Georgia; Director P. H. Rolfs, of Florida; Director 
J. F. Duggar, of Alabama; Director of Stations J. R. Ricks, of 
Mississippi ; Dean W. R. Dodson, of Louisiana ; Director of Exten- 
sion W. C. Lassetter, of Arkansas, and Prof. A. B. Conner, of 
Texas. 
Table 3. — Pasture and hay crops for the Coastal Plain. 
Station. 
Pasture. 
Hay. 
South Carolina (Barre) 
Georgia (Fain) 
Bermuda, carpet grass, lespedeza 
Carpet grass, Dallas grass, Rhodes grass 
Bermuda, carpet grass, Para grass 
Bermuda^lespedeza, bur clover 
Carpet grass, lespedeza, Bermuda 
do 
Cowpeas, velvet beans, sorghum. 
Cowpeas, sorghum, beggarweed. 
Florida (Rolfs) 
Crab grass, cowpeas, beggarweed. 
Alabama ( Duggar) 
Cowpeas, sorghum, lespedeza. 
Mississippi (Ricks) 
Lespedeza, cowpeas, Sudan grass. 
Louisiana (Dodson) 
Cowpeas, lespedeza, sorghum. 
Arkansas (Lassetter) 
Eastern Texas (Conner) 
Bermuda, carpet grass, lespedeza 
Bermuda, lespedeza, bur clover 
Cowpeas, soy beans, sorghum. 
Cowpeas, Sudan grass, sorghum. 
