50 
Bulletin 827, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 
methods of management have been applied even in a particular 
locality. Practically no cattle farms or ranches have been estab- 
lished long enough to be pointed out as practical demonstrations. 
The question, " How long have you used a pure-bred bull ? " was 
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asked of every owner of a pure-bred bull in the Piney Woods, so 
far as lists were obtainable, and the average length of time given 
in the answers was less than 4 years. Four years is hardly time 
enough to put a cattle farm on a paying basis. 
The crop rotations are not limited to corn, oats, wheat, and clover, 
or similar rotations, as is common in most cattle-producing sections. 
