CONVICT LABOR FOR ROAD WORK. 
97 
carry away bad odors. The opening of the flue in the box should 
be screened against flies. 
Portable Privy. 
A design for a sanitary, flyproof, portable privy for use in con- 
nection with camp buildings, or in convict camps subject to more 
or less frequent moving, is shown in Plate IV. It is so arranged as to 
provide a separate and private compartment for each occupant, and 
may be constructed to accommodate as many occupants as desired, 
as each compartment forms a section of the entire building. At 
least one section should be provided for every 15 convicts. The door 
is provided with a hinged spring so that it will close automatically 
and the ventilating and other 
openings are all screened. The 
screened opening at the bottom 
of the door serves not only as a 
ventilator, but also, by afford- 
ing a view of the legs of the 
occupant from the outside, as a 
means of checking the abuses 
which frequently arise in convict 
camps where it is possible for 
more than one person to oc- 
cupy a privy compartment at 
the same time. 
Sewers and Sewer Plumbing. 
Fig. 4.— The boxed can. Flies are excluded by the fly- 
tight box. Such a device is safe, sanitary, and con- 
venient, and may be placed in an existing privy 
or in any suitable outbuilding. 
Camps in which running water 
is supplied also must be provided 
with an adequate system of sewers and sewer plumbing to carry 
off the water and water-borne wastes of the kitchen, lavatories, 
shower baths, and water-closets. 
The sewer or the main pipe leading from the camp to the point 
of disposal should be of salt-glazed, vitrified clay not less than 6 
inches in diameter, with bell and spigot joints, and the joints should 
be filled with cement mortar. The pipe should be laid in as nearly 
a straight line as possible from the camp to the disposal point, and 
care should be observed to eliminate abrupt irregularities in the 
grade. In relatively temporary camps the pipe need be buried only 
about 1 foot under the ground, except under roadways, where it 
should be at least 18 inches under the surface. In permanent camps 
it will be well to lay the pipe from 2 to 4 feet below the surface of the 
ground. In no case should a sewer pipe be laid within 100 feet of a 
well. 
