CONVICT LABOR FOR ROAD WORK. 
103 
in the trench at the bottom of the chimney the one to leeward is 
closed. A bed of tin cans in the fireplace makes a fair substitute for 
a grate. Every morning, or as often as necessary, the ashes and cans 
are raked out and a fresh fire started on a new bed of cans. If the soil 
is porous, a large quantity of liquids can be evaporated by pouring 
them into the trench slowly. 
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FOUR-OPENING CREMATORY. 
A four-opening crematory may be made by digging two trenches 
bisecting each other at right angles. This has the great advantage 
of having one of the 
trenches always in the 
direction of the wind, 
and a good draft al- 
ways can be secured 
by plugging the 
throats of the other 
trenches. 
When two bisecting 
trenches are used the 
chimney is built over 
the point of the in- 
tersection, and four 
boards, flat stones, 
or pieces of sheet iron 
must be laid across 
the trenches for its 
support. If iron 
bars, o 1 d rails, o r 
scrap iron are avail- 
able they can be 
placed in so as to 
form a grate. 
If a few pieces of 
corrugated roof 
metal are at hand they can be shaped easily into a serviceable 
chimney, thus saving time and labor. 
BARREL INCINERATOR WITHOUT TRENCH. 
This type of incinerator (fig. 6) may be constructed of field stones, 
as shown, or of fire brick. The stones or brick are built around a 
barrel, and laid in and covered with moist clay. When the clay has 
dried and hardened sufficiently to cement the stones the barrel may 
be burned out. An incinerator of this kind is suitable for a camp of 
125 persons. 
Barrel incinerator without trench. 
