108 BULLETIN 414, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
who has the disease in his system, so the importance of this method 
of prevention is apparent. 
PREVENTION OF MALARIA BY THE DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF SMALL QUANTITIES OF 
QUININE. 
This method of preventing malaria often may be useful in camps 
which are established in malarial regions for short periods of time, 
but it does not take the place of measures for mosquito suppression. 
From 2 to 3 grains of quinine sulphate daily is the generally accepted 
amount and often accomplishes good results. 
SANITATION OF QUARTERS. 
Overcrowding of Sleeping Quarters. 
The quarters of a few permanent camps visited were so arranged 
as to provide space enough between the rows of bunks for chairs and 
reading tables; but in the great majority of camps visited the 
sleeping quarters were badly overcrowded, the general rule being to 
squeeze in as many men as the structures could be made to accom- 
modate. At some of the camps there were no spaces whatever 
between the beds, and the faces of the sleeping inmates could never 
be more than 30 inches apart and might be in actual contact, a con- 
dition highly favorable to the spread of communicable diseases. In 
other cases men were crowded into shacks or tents in triple-deck 
bunks, or bunks of double width for two men were placed side by side 
or in double tiers, and other camps were seen in which all the regular 
bunks were occupied and extra ones were provided by placing mat- 
tresses over boards laid across beams at the level of the eaves, so 
that the men slept in the space formed by the pitch of the roof. 
The worst cases of overcrowding occur in the cages which are some- 
times used for housing convicts. These cages, mounted on wheels, 
are from 7 to 8 feet in width and height and from 12 to 18 feet in 
length and closely resemble the cages in which wild animals are 
driven through the streets in a circus parade. They are fitted with 
bunks in three tiers which extend along both sides of the cage, 
leaving an isle 2 or 3 feet wide down the middle. The bunks are 2 J 
feet in width and 6 feet long, so that 18 men can ordinarily be placed 
in a cage 18 feet long. A cage was seen in which two men slept in 
each single bunk, an example of overcrowding scarcely to be imagined. 
In this instance 49 cubic feet of air space and 7 square feet of floor 
space was the allowance which each man would receive if the cage 
were entirely unfurnished, but the actual space was considerably less, 
owing to the presence of a stove, toilet seat, bunks, and bedding. 
This particular cage in its original construction had a steel grating 
on both sides, so that the air could circulate freely through it, but 
when observed the entire cage had been inclosed in a tight casing of 
