CONVICT LABOR FOE ROAD WORK. 147 
and overalls for each prisoner per year is from $6.50 to $7. In the 
States in which there is a penitentiary, the clothing for the road forces 
generally is made in the prison shops. In a number of the Southern 
States it is bought ready made from private manufacturers. In 
certain other States and counties the cloth is bought in large quan- 
tities and made into clothing by the female prisoners of the county or 
State, and as an instance of another method, in Chatham County, 
Ga., clothing for the road forces is made at the county courthouse 
by the poor people of the city of Savannah, who are paid at the rate 
of 5 cents per garment for cutting and from 10 to 14 cents for sewing. 
Shirts. 
Shirts usually are made of ticking, or cotton duck, though a 
cheap cotton madras is used in at least one State. In cost they range 
from 31 cents, as quoted in New Mexico, for a shirt of ticking, to 75 
cents for an 8-ounce duck shirt in Fulton County, Ga., and $1 for a 
shirt of herring-bone material used in Arizona. According to the 
reports of durability, as made by officials in charge, all grades wear 
from six to eight months. In a number of the southern counties the 
shirts are worn without coats during the summer season. The aver- 
age cost of shirts per convict per year is approximately $1. 
Night Shirts. 
The investigation showed that special garments for night wear 
were in use only in very few of the States, and these all in the 
Southeastern section. From a sanitary standpoint they are abso- 
lutely essential and from the standpoint of economy they are justified 
by the saving in wear of the underclothes. They also make possible 
a reduction in cost of laundering bed clothing. They are usually 
made of ticking at costs varying from 30 to 75 cents per garment, 
and wear from six months to one year. The average cost per man 
per year is 75 cents. 
Underclothes. 
Underclothes, shirts and drawers, usually are made of fleece-lined 
cotton or Canton flannel. Garments of the former goods cost about 
37-j- cents each for shirts and drawers, and of the latter goods 45 to 
50 cents each. In the Southern States, as a general rule, underclothes 
are used in winter only. A fife of from three to five months per 
garment is reported from a number of widely scattered localities, 
and the average cost per man per year for underclothing is $2.50. 
Socks. 
Socks for summer wear are made of cotton, for winter use of wool. 
The cost varies from 5 to 16 cents per pair and the life from 2 to 6 
weeks per pair. The average cost of an equipment of socks is $1 per 
man per year. 
