CHAPTER III. RESULTS OF THE TESTS. 
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The results obtained by the various tests are given chiefly in the 
form of curves, which show graphically the similarity or dissimilarity 
of the creosotes examined. The data are given in tables in the 
Appendix. 
COAL-TAR CREOSOTES. 
Figures 18a, 19a, and 20a show the indices of refraction, the spe- 
cific gravities, and the sulphonation residues, respectively, of the 
various fractions of creosotes 
obtained from horizontal retort 
tars. The data from which 
these curves are drawn are 
given in Tables 39, 40, 41, and 
42. Particular attention is 
directed to the narrowness of 
the ranges of specific gravity, 
index of refraction, and sul- 
phonation residue of these 
creosotes. Figures 18b, 19b, 
and 20b show the indices of re- 
fraction, the specific gravities, 
and sulphonation residue of 
the fractions obtained from 
creosotes from inclined retort 
tars and from one vertical 
retort tar, the latter being 
plotted in a dotted line. Fig- 
ures 18c, 19c, and 20c show 
the same curves for Semet- 
Solvay tar creosote, and figures 
18d, 19d, and 20d show the 
curves for other by-product tar 
creosotes. In these figures the dotted lines are for Koppers tar 
creosote and the other lines are for Otto tar creosotes. Figure 21 
shows summaries of the same results for each type of measure- 
ment. The 80° lines represent the range for coke-oven tar creosotes, 
the 45° lines represent the range of horizontal retort tar creosotes, 
and the 20° lines represent the range for the inclined retort and verti- 
cal retort tar creosotes. 
Particular attention is called to figures 20a, 20b, 20c, and 20d ? 
which represent the sulphonation residue of the various fractions. 
It will be noted that most of the maximum sulphonation residues are 
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Fig. 18. — Index of refraction values of fractions of 
authentic coal-tar creosotes. 
A. Horizontal retort-tar creosotes. 
B. Inclined retort-tar creosotes. Dotted line ver- 
tical retort-tar creosote. 
C Semet-Solvay tar creosotes. 
D. Otto-tar creosotes. Dotted line — Koppers-tar 
creosote. 
