6 BULLETIN 549, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
TABLE 6.— Number of crossties reported purchased in 1915 by steam railroads representing 
66 oe per cent of the mileage in the eastern region, by classes of railroads and kinds of 
wood. | 
Class I.— | Class II.— | Class IIT.— 
F Operating | Operating | Operating 
Kind of wood. Total. revenues, | revenues, | revenues, 
over $100,000- under 
$1,000,000. | $1,000,000. | $100,000. 
—— EE | — ee SE EE eee eee 
PATI SIGS hh IRR 2 28 i sary ne DAA es 30, 007, 583 | 28,365, 491 615, 807 1, 026, 285 
ERO Oe eh ES Se ORS HE, eM RNC ator Meee tery a ey 9,797,314 | 9,511,011 77, 926 208, 377 
AAA cH oy N c Seraenee se ORAS OU gece pase Bi Ud ee hapa ek ete 9,336,366 | 8,810, 429 308, 817 221, 120 
DOUGIME rN YP Ue ee ES Ae Sap Pl ete ee 3,922,080 | 3,727,961 22,315 171, 804 
CHESUUG ete escent aie pre cae alien cet quiet ot smo Nags Bee tt 2,508,853 | 2,201, 641 162, 198 205, 014 
Cedary Sai. een Bias eee OL NS SEU Bakley area 2,116,721 | 1,955,577 11, 000 150, 144 
Beech ise (oe ay Se Re USAR Seach Ua ca i. eo eM eae 648, 774 613, 016 15, 780 19, 978 
Maple vessel: Ue NU aT RO MONE Ne api pas DE Bm at 2 578, 373 547, 471 12, 582 18, 320 
WES i fe) ove ena mentee aren yet aa nt aia eV Le Mie EN ED COL 267, 661 261, 080 GOS ee ee eee 
GATT EAN a a eT ea Se Re RS a0 208, 550 20 OO ese eee 850 
Hastermitamara Ckeesssee seer eee eee ee eee 111, 833 56, 192 45, 453 10, 188 
TOMO ck yea ee sie pete Ry reece ee tani arene Ee Og AR Ey 27,670 17, 497 6, 789 3, 384 
CYDIOSS 3 inl Fe Ee I SIRS SIRENS aya) Le pe 19,751 L463 hooey 4,988 
Western yellowapImer emer emer = ele asec ee eee ee BAe: ocotocoaacsd|iscos5oseose5 3, 364 
dB XO) BU Kopn Bi PrN iey  A a NG et Alda ae RU UN Ne ZAQV He rele eal 2y 491 oie Cae 
HANNGEHOT Ss REE EE DU LIANE yO oars eae ERNE 457, 782 441,153 7,875 8, 754 
TaBLE 7.—Number of crossties reported purchased in 1915 by steam railroads representing 
72.13 per cent of the mileage in the southern region, by classes of railroads and kinds of 
wood. 
Class I.— | Class II.— | Class TiT.— 
Operating | Operating | Operating 
Kind of wood. Total. revenues, | revenues, | revenues, 
over $100,000- under 
$1,000,000. | $1,000,000. | $100,000. 
PMMA OS ooo sc knee saebanbocuasagcadesedssace 17, 840, 648 | 15,571,927 | 1,250,774 1, 017, 947 
AN OMROR es 6 Boon 5 Bocce ease eecstosoceqoodSooda Sos ac 9,596,488 | 8, 720, 461 413, 889 462, 138 
Stowhy agian ON Woodcote aecsseosscwonesouudedmsacducades 4,612,224 | 3,624, 229 678, 685 309, 310 
CMOS ECE ee soot ous sobe bose Sadar sbboceceesonsecebanesee 1,888,103 | 1,616,117 107, 930 164, 056 
TEE) Oe ee ee ee eee te ee eo Und bdieuonsodmodoawebsced 512, 054 468, 538 25, 919 17, 597 
Beecher stoner eee sae eo eee eer re Gree eee rer a. 372, 320 370, 716 104 1,500 
IW 0) Vee a he OIE Se Ae Seadoo suncdecooas one esass 372, 313 GAO MOR se smear 1,598 
ClngSONE osu eae soe bea ode ke eanecbdoeosecodaesotcece pe 61, 106 29, 001 15, 524 16, 581 
Western yellownpine sso n sss ee ee ary else iee a BE S004] ease ee Bel eeieoeeecas 34, 800 
FOUCT u S Raab AMOUR eue eee cco = beeen e by scl melee Uy WG. ||eaeiceoooesee 200 975 
ET Tra] © @ Mechs yu NENG Nese SVN ise eye tRees chy a estan put oy ae atu aa GBYA ese beeodbboallscoccoceuads 432 
CRGbirs da db ehebausssecsoboaeeaeseosseoreunopoppsceesoaee AW Neagmeadesoed| Vy) 2a |ecdacacessbo 
SMU CBN wo ah oeoncebassodcspessEaceoogspassecgsqose. 389, 606 372, 150 8, 496 8, 960 
PRESERVATION. 
The deterioration of crossties in the United States by preventable 
decay uses up a great deal of timber. By adopting methods of 
preventing decay and using devices which retard wear, the quantity 
of wood consumed annually for this purpose could be greatly 
decreased. 
There are many different causes of deterioration which necessitate 
the renewal of ties, the principal ones being decay, mechanical wear, 
breakage, insect attack, splitting, etc. In recent years the railroads 
have been prolonging the life of their ties by the use of preservatives, 
principally zine chloride and creosote oils. By thesemeans a number 
of species have been made available for ties which heretofore were 
