CURCULIOS THAT ATTACK WALNUT AXD HICKORY. 11 
and resume activity in the spring in time to be on black walnut 
trees when the male catkins of the walnut are fully developed. As 
soon as the leaves and tender shoots appear the beetles attack them, 
sometimes feeding rather extensively. Soon thereafter they begin 
egg-laying in the young fruit. There is considerable variation in 
the time the fruit sets on individual trees of the black walnut in 
any locality and the beetles collect on the trees where the develop- 
ing nutlets are at the stage just to their liking. This is immediately 
after the female catkins on the point of the nut are beginning to 
wither. Most of the eggs are deposited in nuts at this stage of 
their development, although the beetles continue to oviposit to some 
extent in nuts that are larger. 
The beetles live normally throughout most of the summer and 
oviposit over a period of at least two months. Several over- 
wintering beetles confined in screen cages placed over walnut branches 
on the trees lived until the last of August. It is thus possible in 
late summer to find the parent beetles and their mature offispring to- 
gether on the trees. 
NATURAL ENEMIES. 
At least five species of insect parasites were found attacking the 
black walnut curculio in its larva and pupa stages. Three species of 
parasitic flies, determined by Dr. J. M. Aldrich as Chaetochlorops in- 
quilina Coq., Cholomyia Jongipes Fab. (PI. V, (?), and Fannia canicu- 
laris L., were reared from this host in considerable numbers. Two 
hymenopterous parasites, determined by Mr. E. A. Cushman as Tri- 
aspis curculionis var. rufus (Kiley) and Thersiloclws conotracheli 
(Biley) (PI. V, E) were also obtained in the rearing jars. Still 
another parasite, determined by Mr. K. A. Fouts as a new species of 
Belyta, was found in jars in which this curculio was being reared. 
THE HICKORY-NUT CURCULIO. 8 
The hickory -nut curculio is very similar to the two species just dis- 
cussed, but it attacks the immature nuts of various kinds of hickory 
instead of walnuts. The beetles appear upon the trees somewhat later 
in spring than the other two and lay their first eggs in hickory nuts 
that are at least half grown, although before the nut kernels have 
begun to form. The most conspicuous manifestation of the presence 
of the insect is the dropping of the infested nuts about midsummer. 
It is not unusual in July and August to find in some localities the 
ground beneath bearing hickory trees strewn thickly with green nuts. 
Examination of these nuts will disclose a brownish oviposition scar 
s Conotrachelus afpnis Boh. ; suborder Rhynchophora, family Curculionidae, tribe 
Cryptorhynchini. 
