26 BULLETIN 849, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
also to water and steam piping. Large quantities of piping and 
fittings are expensive, cause extra labor, and in the case of milk 
pipes may be insanitary. The course of the milk through the plant 
should be as direct as possible from the receiving tank, through the 
clarifier, pasteurizer, and bottling machines to the cold-storage room. 
Mechanical conveyers should be used whenever labor and time can 
be saved; otherwise the extra expense incident to their use is not 
warranted. 
CENERAL 
VIVES 
[S| 
COAL EYP 
FILLE 
BOTTLING 
ROOM 
CLEAR STORY 
Si PLATA ONE 
| OFFICE 2 
SALES STORAGE 9S Whee | Sea 
\ » er ; 
o'x 10’ S| ROOMS gah he 2<t9 BOILER 
| For MILK: cs 
ono | 2 24" aa 
| ee ~ 
i Nia od armas yobs oa dorem 
GOTTLE 
MASHER | is' x 4o! 
RECEIVING either \ FAN 
; Sap 2S): 
ie O74 BOTTLING 
CAN 
| eee eae. ROOM 
(Ghat Z tin 
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Fig. 12.—F loor plans for a 13-story plant of from 1,500 to 2,000 gallons’ daily capacity, 
where butter also is handled. 
SULA OC” 
At 73 plants the number of milk pumps used varied from none to 
4, and the milk piping used from none to 300 feet. A wide range 
occurred in plants in the same class, as well as in plants of the same 
size. For example, at 26 plants of class 4 the length of milk piping 
varied from 20 to 210 feet, and the number of milk pumps varied 
from 2 to 4, and at 20 plants handling from 2,001 to 5,000 gallons 
daily the length of the milk piping varied from 30 to 300 feet and the 
number of milk pumps from none to 4. 
Great lengths of milk piping cause extra labor and expense and 
tend to increase the loss of milk both from milk sticking to the sides 
