CITY MILK PLANTS: CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT. 19 
be loaded at one time as there are doors. Thus the wagons are loaded 
in rapid succession and only slightly more than a minute (average) 
per wagon is required at some plants having three or more doors. 
When only one door is used more time is required per wagon. Where 
an exterior platform is used, whether the milk is conveyed from the 
storage room or trucked, usually two or more wagons may be loaded 
at the same time. 
UNLOADING DELIVERY WAGONS. 
Three systems of unloading the “returns” from the wagons re- 
turning from the routes are shown in Table 4. 
TABLE 4.—Time and men required to unload delivery wagons (“returns’’) at 
various plants using different systems. 
| Average | Average Average| Average lnWace x 
Number number | number | Average; hours | hours | Average oa 
Tensor plant of of of time of of time | ioaded 
VAGE ON OEM lants, | Wagons | men per labor | labor per ae 
pans per per plant. DELIA tien er wagon. oe 
plant. | plant. plant. | wagon. | ; 
| 
Minutes. Minutes.| 
A. Conveyer system (power 2 | 
OP RNAI, soca nobesasce 8 88. 4 aC 177 int 0.13 DI 30.0 
B. Wagons unloaded on plat- % 
form; then hand trucks. 3 57.6 256 240 ES 520) | pete? 14.4 
C. Wagons unloaded in in- | 
terior of plant and 
hand trucks used ...... 2 21 2 127 4.25 20 6.1 | 9.9 
It will be noted that for plants with a large number of wagons 
considerable time may be saved by using conveyers, as shown under 
system A, and that much time may be wasted by unloading the 
wagons within the plant. When a platform is used several wagons 
may be unloaded at one time, and when conveyers are used the 
driver simply throws his load on to the conveyer, and in this way the 
work is done at a rapid rate. 
DIVISION OF ROOMS. 
For economy of operation and sanitation, a division of rooms is 
essential in the modern milk plant. In many small plants the greater 
part of the work is done in one room, but in the larger and more 
modern plants a special room is provided for each operation. Each 
room should be laid out and constructed for the particular purpose 
for which it is designed. 
In the receiving room the milk is inspected, sampled, and weighed. 
This room contains the weigh tank, scales, and milk-sampling out- 
fit, and should be screened and separate from the other parts of the 
plant. After the cans are dumped they are drained, washed, steril- 
ized, and returned. The can-washing apparatus should be located 
either in the receiving room or in a room adjoining it. 
