CITY MILK PLANTS: CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT. Le 
quired to handle milk loaded direct from storage room through two 
or more loading openings. In view of current labor costs this is a 
highly important point to consider in deciding on the arrangement 
of a milk plant. The cost of construction is an expense to be met 
only once, whereas the expense of labor is continuous. 
TABLE, 3. 
Comparison of time and men required to load delivery wagons at 
plants using various systems of loading. 
Number of | Ter- 
wagons loaded wes au ae me 
Num-| daily per eh ; Average | Aver num- 
hen plant. matin) | hours: | hours: | aoe es | gees apes 
System of loading. ber of of 
of ae AGORA Or per per wagons 
plants Bre an plant. | wagon. | loaded 
Aver- | Varia- ee t pe t Pp per 
Azeue tions Wea peat.) wasen: hour. 
Minutes.) Minutes. 
A (inside building).......... 1 DOES AISI e static 4 16 0. 73 210 10. 9 a5) 
B (exterior platform trucks). 4] 36.5 | 21-73 55) || Gale alal . 58 314 8.6 7 
C (exterior platform con- 
VIEW CLS)) sett oder seat ae 3 52.6 | 10-80 6 22.2 . 42 180 3.4 UGA 
D (direct from storage—1 
door or chute)............. 1 ALG ad |e ek tea 3 Ted 47 150 9,4 6. 4 
E (direct from storage—2 
doors or chutes)........... Bip. Gat 78-100 8 21.5 . 23 160 1.75 34.3 
F (direct from storage—3 
doors or chutes)........... Galea 50-130 5S | 145 .19 150 2 30 
G (direct from storage—4 or 
more doors or chutes).....- 2 | 105.5 | 80-131 6.5 | 16.3 .15 160 1.4 42.9 
It will be noted that there is a shghtly less regular decrease in 
respect to “Average time per wagon,” the size of the plant being a 
very important consideration in this problem. The sizes of the 
plants studied are indicated under “Average number wagons loaded 
per plant.” System G would be practicable for only the larger-sized 
plants, while systems # and F would be impracticable for small 
plants. More men are usually required with systems 7, F, and G 
than with systems A, B, and D. 
Tt is usually desirable to load all the wagons within two or three 
hours if possible. The data in the table seem to indicate that when 
75 to 100 or more wagons are to be loaded in this time either a con- 
veyer system or a system of loading direct from the storage room 
through two or more doors or chutes is essential. While with these 
systems more men are required, the time per wagon loaded as well as’ 
the “Average hours of labor per wagon” loaded is considerably less 
than with the other methods, and the time element is very important 
where a considerable number of wagons are to be loaded. 
These points illustrate the inefficiency of loading wagons within 
the plant and without having a platform. The milk must be brought 
from the storage room on hand trucks and each case of milk must be 
lifted from the trucks to the wagon. If the wagons are loaded from 
158803°—20—Bull. 849-3 
