CITY MILK PLANTS: CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT. 9 
larger plants were included, but in most cases they were old and 
poorly arranged. In one of the latter as much as 300 feet of milk 
piping was used. Considerable economy of labor is often possible 
in plants of this type, however, as the one-floor system usually re- 
quires fewer men. 
Tt is evident that plants in class 2 have few advantages over those 
in classes 3 and 4. They have the disadvantages mentioned in re- 
gard to time and labor of getting the milk upstairs, and pumps are 
used after pasteurization, which is not the case in classes 1 and 3, 
in which milk flows by gravity from the pasteurizer through the re- 
mainder of the equipment. One advantage they may have over the 
plants of class 3 is that less milk piping is required, for there is no 
piping from the ground floor to the receiving room upstairs. 
A total of 174 plants of the principal dealers in the larger cities 
of the United States falls into the following classes: 
Class. Plants. Class. Plants. 
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De anette Rl 58S 6 Nala dpa ear ara te ep tert RS BS MILO} sem tte ae Herat Sele papi che RIMM IRD ohong SLAY eM 8&3 
SPN Ry Meet Re RRS Beye ae SS eh Natek 17 = 
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Of the 83 plants in class 6, 48 each handled daily 50 gallons or 
less, and of the 57 plants in class 4, 29 handled 3,000 gallons or more 
each. 
CONSTRUCTION OF PLANT. 
SIZE OF BUILDING AND NUMBER OF STORIES. 
In planning a milk plant, provision should be made for a building 
large enough to accommodate a reasonable expansion of the business. 
If possible the building should be so laid out that by the addition 
of more units of machinery the capacity of the plant can be increased 
from time to time without interfering with the convenient arrange- 
ment of the apparatus. Sometimes provision is made for adding 
another story. 
A study of 105 representative milk plants showed that most of 
those handling less than 1,000 gallons daily have 1 story, while those 
handling from 1,000 to 5,000 gallons have 2 stories. Plants handling 
more than 5,000 gallons varied from 2 to 5. stories. 
TYPE OF BUILDING. 
The type of building selected depends upon local conditions and 
the type of machinery to be used. The more recently built plants 
are usually from 2 to 3 stories. There are but few advantages in a _ 
higher building, as labor requirements increase with the height. 
A gravity system for handling milk can be arranged as well in a 
158803°—20—Bull. 849 2 
