6 BULLETIN 849, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
(2) in the down-town retail section of the city, and (3) in the resi- 
dential section. Heretofore it has been the general custom to locate 
the plant in the wholesale district near good railroad facilities. The 
tendency in recent years, however, has been to build it near the center 
of distribution rather than near the railroad terminal. 
The advantages of having a milk plant in the wholesale district 
are: 
Raae facilities make it more convenient for receiving the 
* mi | 
It is a considerable distance from the residence districts, and 
there are less hkely to be complaints of noise, smoke, ete. 
The disadvantages of locating a plant in the wholesale district are: 
It is away from the center of distribution. 
There are no advertising benefits. 
The district usually is rather insanitary and the air is filled 
with dust. 
Property is often expensive. 
Few retail counter sales are made at the plant. 
The chief advantages of being in the retail district are: 
Advertising benefits. 3 
Retail counter sales, which are valuable not only for the actual 
sales made but for the new trade obtained thereby. 
The principal disadvantages in the retail district are: 
Property 1s expensive. 
Less convenient for receiving milk. 
May not be convenient for distribution. 
More street traffic. 
The advantages of a plant in the residential district are: 
It is nearer the center of distribution and property is less 
expensive. 
Retail counter sales are made and new customers obtained at 
the plant. 
Pure air. 
Less congestion of traffic and more quiet surroundings. 
The disadvantages in the residential district are: 
Poor railroad facilities. 
Less advertising benefit. 
Possible restrictions in regard to operation. 
CLASSES AND TYPES OF PLANTS. 
Plants may be classified, according to the method of handling the 
milk in the plant, into the following 6 classes: 
1. Gravity, more than one story—tIn this class of plants the milk 
in cans is elevated above the first floor and dumped. It then flows 
by gravity through pasteurizing and other machinery without the 
use of a milk pump. 
