UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
j, BULLETIN No. 849 § 
Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry 
NIA’ Tt JOHN R. MOHLER, Chief 
Washington, D. C. Vv July 16, 1920 
CITY MILK PLANTS: CONSTRUCTION AND 
ARRANGEMENT. 
By Ernest KELLY and CLARENCE HE. CLEMENT, Dairy Division. 
CONTENTS. 
Page. Page. 
Statement of present conditions —_- 1 | Arrangement of plant—Continued. 
Primary considerations in establish- Milk pumps compared with ele- 
inane eplantso= 2 Se Oe eee 2 Va LOlS= tae ane: eae in es sie Bee 14 
Hints to prospective builders___--- ° Loading delivery wagons______ 16 
MoOCatION) Of. plant=— 2 =). s 0 ts aes 4 Unloading delivery wagons___ 19 
Classes and types of plants_-__-__- 6 Division: of roomss] —= ss. ee 19 
Construction of plant 9 Size of rooms____-___. Seger | Vil 
Size of building and number of Arrangement of rooms________ 24 
StOTICS see eee Ee ee 9 Arrangement of equipment and 
Type of building_______ As fhe 2a 9 LOM ENO Tuy OVE yy ee ee 25 
Materials of construction_____ 10 Effect of arrangement of plant 
The cold-storage room_—______ 12 on labor requirements ______ 2A 
Arrangement of plant ____________ LIE Sanitary, requirementsese. as Saas 30 
Handling the milk at entrance_ iD he COS tO tere aT ee se 333 
ConclusiOnsy eee s se es eee 34 
STATEMENT OF PRESENT CONDITIONS. 
The market-milk industry has assumed enormous size and im- 
portance. By market milk is meant milk consumed in the fluid state, 
as distinguished from milk used for butter, cheese, condensed milk, 
and other products. It is estimated that in 1917 more than 16 billion 
quarts of market milk were consumed in the United States, which at 
10 cents a quart would have been worth more than 12 billion dollars. 
Of course much of this milk was used on farms and in small towns, 
but probably not less than one-third was used in the larger cities. 
The greater part of the city milk was handled by so-called “ middle- 
men” in city milk plants. These milk plants represented an invest- 
ment of about 100 million dollars in buildings and machinery. The 
cost of land and delivery equipment would bring the total to con- 
siderably more. 
Such an important business entails a great responsibility. In- 
fants, children, and invalids, as well as healthy adults, depend to 
158803°—20—Bull. 849-1 
