14 
BULLETIN 4(14, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Value of dry mash, green food,, grit, shells, charcoal. Why a 
scratch feed? Why have a variety? Quantity of feed needed? 
How obtain succulent food? How provide water? To what extent 
shall wet mashes be used? How feed the layers and the breeding 
flock? Avoid diseases of the digestive tract. Avoid spasmodic 
feeding of green foods which leads to overeating. Feed hopper 
approved by the U. S. Department of Agriculture is shown in figure 8. 
References. — F armers' 
Bulletins 287, pp. 20-26; 
355, pp. 35, 36; 528, p. 10. 
State agricultural college 
bulletins are especially val- 
uable on f eeding. 
Home projects . — H a v e 
each pupil arrange for feed- 
ing his flock rations which 
best fit his own circumstan- 
ces, considering the availa- 
ble home-grown feed, local 
prices of grain, supply of 
table scraps or other by- 
products to be obtained. 
The purpose of the flock 
should be kept in mind as 
well as the relative protec- 
tion from the winter's cold. 
Have feed records kept 
constantly and reported 
occasionally. Weight 
should not be estimated. 
Labor record should be 
kept. See record forms, 
pages 26-32. 
Material and exercises. — 
Have samples of as many 
poultry foods as possible 
brought to school. Classify and study these and arrange them for the 
permanent school collection. Have some members of the class post each 
week the list of prices of all the grain and other feed for poultry, using 
local retail prices. Make a list of home-grown feeds and give the price 
a t which the farmer might sell each. Change this list as prices change. 
Correlations. — Compute the cost of different rations used. More 
mature pupils may compute the balanced rations, but so many mix- 
tures have been computed by experts that it is not necessary for the 
amateurs to learn this detail. 
Fig. 8.— An efficient feed hopper, tested by the Bureau of 
Animal Industry. (Suitable drawing and manual correla- 
tions are suggested.) 
