MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION OF FLOUR. 
29 
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ON LOW-GRADE FLOURS. 
1 . The commercial grades of so-called low-grade flours ranged from 
2 to 10 per cent. 
2. The average total offal count obtained on all commercial low- 
grade flours examined was 433. This indicated that not as much 
attention was given to the purification of the stocks passing into 
such flours as was done in the case of the stocks composing the 
grades already considered. 
3. The data obtained on the low-grade flours milled from the dif- 
ferent wheats are summarized in Table 36. 
Table 36. — Limitations and average counts on bran particles and hairs for low-grade 
flours. 
Type. 
Bran particles. 
Hairs. 
Variation. 
Average. 
Variation. 
Average. 
169 to 353.... 
143 to 402.... 
100 to 397.... 
273 
302 
279 
88 to 335 
27 to 261 
59 to 183 
182 
Soft wheat 
140 
109 
EXAMINATION OF EXPERIMENTAL SERIES OF FLOUR. 
In connection with the examination of commercial flours it was 
considered advisable to examine samples of flour whose composition 
was definitely known, as far as the wheat from which they were milled 
and their constituent streams were concerned. The information in 
regard to the commercial samples was definite enough in so far as 
the milling operator was able to judge. 
The samples of flour employed in this part of the investigation were 
milled under the personal supervision of B. C. Winslow, food and 
drug inspector, Bureau of Chemistry, United States Department of 
Agriculture. The samples were prepared at a plant at Lyons, Kans., 
a portion being milled from a No. 2 Nebraska hard winter wheat, crop 
of 1914, containing from 25 to 35 per cent of yellow berry wheat, and 
another portion from a Kansas No. 2 hard winter wheat. Each type 
of flour was subjected to three degrees of bleaching, thus making 
three samples for each type. Four types of flour were made from 
each wheat, a 70 per cent, a 90 per cent, a 97.5 per cent, and a 27.5 
per cent. In the case of the Kansas wheat a fifth type, a 2.5 per cent, 
was made. The component streams that passed into each type and 
the results of the examinations made were as follows: 
THE 70 PER CENT TYPE OF EXPERIMENTAL FLOUR. 
COMPOSITION. 
First sizings flour. Fourth middlings flour. 
Second sizings flour. Fifth middlings flour. 
First middlings flour. Fine tailings flour. 
Second middlings flour. Coarse tailings flour. 
Third middlings flour. 
