CASTOR-OIL. INDUSTRY. 31 
part of the following day and the third day is finished by bleaching 
and filtering. During this time the increase in the acidity is almost 
negligible, increasing oniy about 0.1 of 1 per cent. An oil can 
hold 0.15 per cent moisture without clouding, but when the moisture 
runs up to as much as 1 per cent the moisture settles out and a 
permanent cloud is formed. 
PROPERTIES OF THE OIL. 
The quality of castor oil is determined in the trade by its color, 
clearness, and acidity. The best grade, designated as No. 1, is a 
cold-pressed oil low in acidity, brilliantly clear, and approaching 
colorlessness. Some cold-pressed oils are a very light straw color, 
almost white; all hot-pressed oils are brownish yellow, while the 
so-called No. 3 grade varies from dark brown to green. There is no 
generally recognized No. 2 grade, since this was designated by only 
a few dealers to represent some stock inferior to No. 1, but better 
than No. 3. The specifications accompanying trade in this com- 
modity usually consist of clearness, color, acidity, specific gravity, 
iodin value, saponification value, odor, and taste. 
TaBLe VIII.—Analyses of commercial samples of castor oil covering the period from 
November, 1917, to December, 1918, and of expeller oils made at the Government plant 
at Gainesville, Fla., in the spring of 1919. 
5 ba : Expeller oil (series of more 
Hydraulic-pressed oil. than 100 samples). 
Properties compared. 
Range. Average. Range. Average. 
1 2 3 4 5 
Specific gravity (15.6° C.) ...............--- 0.961 to 0.965 0.9626 | 0.9610 to 0.9634 0.9620 
ANGI yp aas see eee = hPa ee ee epee per cent. a(.45 to 1.6 1.22 0.60 to 1.83 .98 
Todin ber Ee Gael a aE SNe er et 83.0 to 87.5 85.6 OPT ees one se 
Saponification number................-.--- 176.3 to 188 182.5 OR SUA), | een eee 
Tnsaponifiable matter........... per cent... 0.21 to 0.78 .33 Bills Oy: pene saya ae 
HLA She MON Gere eee Saye see ine ay eta ce el ee 513 to 570 DSO ah 25 ae alate ecard a ors ci ee nts 
WASCOSIG Weare = Seria ee ne oars cisie eee 293 to 112 Oisilies salle Sec) aser Se BeBe Soe Ser et 
| Expeller oil (series of 7 sam- : 
Ene Bee) Extracted oil. 
Properties compared. 
Range. Average. Range. Average. 
1 6 7 8 9 
Specific cravity deo ©.) -.5-.:5- 52.2.0. 0.961 to 0.962 0.9613 | 0.9607 to 0.9624 | . 0.9614 
Acidity BES RRA MR ORES euro per cent.. 0.85 to 1.46 La? 23.09 to 6.66 4.80 
iodin a anes Sabo SEES SoS Boao ees aero 80.8 to 86.1 po Ge em etl | es ere ea eata eats ere (eee os 
Saponification MUTA Yessir nS s/= ere 178 to 182 nLZAS gabe Rorsele Semi sears Bee BetseesacsS 
Unsaponifiable matter. -.......... per cent.. 0.20 to 0.30 QBs slik Seesrecata coe re sro Siete erie eee 
IDEAS al {KONO ae ae eee eer eee eee mer oe 524 to 527 525 Pic sieteeeels LIA aan | Modes eae ac heey 
WAS COSI Ui eeson ae sats cee core eae eC Sot te || Se aie Bey net pe otis cc pee AAT aan |e eA © Sl ley elven BON pn ary ee a 
@ One higher value in each case was discarded as unrepresentative. b One sample. 
