16 BULLETIN 867, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Figure 7 shows a filling press, the object of its use being to fill a 
cage, tamp the contents, and thus conserve pressing space in the 
operations which follow. Otherwise, the initial shrinkage of the batch 
due to the application of high pressure would result in much loss of 
valuable pressing space. Figure 8 shows a discharging apparatus: 
used in removing the cakes from the press, a comparatively slow 
operation, the object of its use being to avoid diverting heavy pres-. 
sures from their intended use. Figure 9 shows a finishing press for. 
the heavy pressure for the production of oil. Figure 10 shows a 
filling, finishing, and discharging press, where all operations are 
Fic. 6.—A cottonseed plate press converted into a cage press. Cage under ram, ready to receive pressure; 
at left; press, showing cage out ready to be charged, at right. 
performed in the same press. Figure 11 shows a carriage with the 
cage used in transporting a cage between the various presses. 
After pressing, the cakes are removed from the retaining cages by 
rollimg back the overhead plungers and applying the pressure. The 
cages are bolted in a stationary position to the press pan and the 
press ram works up through the cage, forcing the pressed cakes out 
at the top, from which point they are Femoved by the operator. 
Castor-bean cake is very different from that of other oilseeds. 
In the latter, the cakes are as firm and low in oil as any produced 
in plate presses. In fact, the newer developments of cage presses 
are producing cakes lower in oil than those obtained by any other 
pressing operation. In the case of castor beans, however, the cakes 
are not cohesive and dry, but readily crumble and fall to pieces. 
