MARKETING ONIONS 29 
signed. Thus, while 263 cars were reported shipped to Kansas City, 
only 34 were actually unloaded at that point. On the other hand, 
while 267 cars were originally sent to Chicago, unloads reports from 
that city show 374 cars from California during the Bermuda season 
of 1922. Evidently more than 100 ears of Bermuda onions received 
at Chicago had been reconsigned en route, probably most of them 
from Kansas City. Consignments to smaller destinations are usu- 
ally more reliable, as cars will hardly be sent to such places except 
under definite previous arrangements'. Thus, of the 1.044 cars, ship- 
ments were reported to 26 States and Canada. 7 of the States receiv- 
ing only 1 car each and Canada taking 11. ' Los Angeles and San 
Francisco together received 125 cars, some of which were no doubt 
for diversion. Of 140 cars shipped to Texas. 124 went to El Paso, 
most of them for reshipment by boat. In spite of numerous diver- 
sions from the few large cities receiving the bulk of the California 
stock, some tendency has been shown to oversupply large markets 
to the exclusion of the smaller ones. Some inclination has also been 
shown to harvest immature stock in an effort to lessen competition 
with the bulk of the Texas crop. But best results seem to have 
been obtained usually by harvesting at the proper stage of maturity, 
relying upon strict grading and certification and wide distribution 
to overcome the handicap of California's longer freight haul and 
insure successful competition with the Texas stock. 
CONNECTICUT VALLEY 
The crop from the Connecticut Valley is distributed over a much 
smaller and more compact area. The primary destinations of 1.299 
cars of the 1922-23 season are shown in Figure 17. Records of 
shipments for several years show that the consuming area of these 
onions varies greatly with the size of the crop, the condition of the 
crop in competing regions, and the charges for transportation. The 
1920 crop of about 4.000 cars was billed out to 197 destinations. 
Of the 1922 crop, the record of only 1,299 cars is available. These 
were shipped to only 115 destinations showing the effect of a light 
crop. Both of these crops were distributed almost entirely in Xew 
England. Xew York. Pennsylvania, and Xew Jersey. Only 13 
other points in 1920 and 12 others in 1922 received direct carloads of 
Valley onions. In 1919 the destinations of 3.000 car- numbered 167. 
with 30 destinations beyond the States mentioned. The increased 
freight rates of 1920. together with the lower price level, greatly 
restricted the shipping territory as compared with 1919. Approxi- 
mately 266 cars of the 1916 crop of 3.300 cars went to cities in 21 
States and Canadian Provinces outside the States mentioned above, 
from Cuba to Halifax. Only 45 of the 1920 crop of 4.000 cars went 
outside the area, and to only nine States and Provinces. Fifty-five 
of the 1.299 cars of the 1922 crop were distributed to 10 outside 
States and Provinces. 
Ordinarily Massachusetts take- two-fifths of the Valley onions. 
Xew York one-seventh to one-fifth, Pennsylvania one-tenth to one- 
seventh, and Connecticut about one-tenth. Very few cars are sent 
north of the Canadian boundary, south of Philadelphia, or west of 
Pittsburgh, although a few are now going to Cleveland and Detroit. 
