18 BULLETIN 1415, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
It is estimated that the reporting associations handled over 8,000 
cars, containing over 6,000,000 boxes of apples of the 1922 crop, 
valued at approximately $8,000,000. 
One association with more than 1,600 cars to be marketed made 
shipments to the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, the Philippine 
Islands, and China. Another association made sales in the United 
Kingdom, Denmark, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, and South America. 
PRIVATE SALES ORGANIZATIONS 
Private sales organizations contract to sell the fruit for a stipulated 
fee per box. Some of them own or lease warehouses where they 
pack and store for the growers. Some private sales organizations 
buy and sell on their own account as well as sell for growers; others 
do not own warehouses or buy fruit, but sell only that belonging to 
the growers or to growers’ organizations. 
DEALERS AND BROKERS 
Local dealers purchase fruit from growers, buying for spot cash or 
contracting to pay at some future date. Some of these dealers accept 
fruit on consignment, especially in years when the apple market is 
uncertain and eastern buyers have not placed orders or made advances 
to the local dealers so that they in turn are in position to buy or con- 
tract with the grower. When the apple crop is short, eastern dealers 
make cash advances readily to the local dealer, or he may be able to 
secure local capital. In either case, he is then properly financed and 
in a position to offer cash to the growers. These local dealers are 
important factors in the boxed-apple sections. Many of them own 
warehouses and have developed a merchandising department to 
advance supplies and equipment to growers whose fruit they handle. 
Many eastern commission houses and wholesale fruit jobbers are 
represented by traveling dealers who are sent to the fruit districts to 
purchase apples for cash or to secure consignments. Their methods 
of operation are similar to those of the local dealer, except that they © 
do not merchandise the grower’s supplies or own local packing and 
storage houses. They may deal directly with the growers, local 
dealers, cooperative associations, or selling agencies. They may 
make cash advances to the individual growers, cash buyers, or growers’ 
organizations. 
Some firms with head offices in the Kast maintain district offices in 
the various fruit sections and solicit apples to be sold on a percentage 
commission basis instead of for a definite sales charge per box. 
Such firms may buy and sell for their own account as well as for the 
grower, or they may handle only grower-owned fruit. They may or 
may not own warehouses in the fruit districts in which they operate. 
The bulk of the tonnage is sold through brokers located in car-lot 
markets, although car-lot buyers often deal direct with the seller. 
Local sales agencies, affiliated with national sales agencies, have 
exclusive brokers in the large car-lot markets. These brokers 
handle many commodities other than apples. Some local dealers 
and sales managers of large cooperative associations have direct 
brokerage connections 1n various car-lot markets. If the tonnage is 
large the broker may handle only the offerings of one local dealer or 
one cooperative association. 
