24 BULLETIN 1415, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
USING CULL APPLES 
Apples below packing grades are classified as culls and are most 
often used for manufacturing purposes and cider stock. In certain 
seasons canners, dehydrators, and evaporators use many C and fourth- 
gerade apples. 
The greatest handicap of western orchardists, apart from high cost 
of marketing, is lack of sufficient demand for apples below standard 
shipping grades. astern growers often rely on sales of cider apples 
and canning stock to pay expense of harvesting and marketing. 
Combination of principal local reports indicates that the equiva- 
lent of about 4 per cent of the average commercial crop of the North- 
Fic. 15.—Loading a car of cull apples 
west is used for drying, canning, and various special products, about 
2 per cent for cider and vinegar, and about 10 per cent goes to waste. 
In the Northwest, taking the great Wenatchee, Yakima, and Hood 
River districts as typical, sometimes less than half the culls can be 
sold when prices are low. 
Both Oregon and Washington have laws prohibiting the shipping 
of cull apples out of the State for any except manufacturing purposes. 
Each manufacturer is required to put up a bond of $500 per car for 
each car of cull apples shipped out of Washington as a surety that 
he will not resell or dispose of the apples for any purpose except 
manufacturing. This is done to keep cull apples from Jeioraicerd 
the market for better grades of fruit. Loading cull apples for ship- 
ment by rail is shown in Figure 15. 
