34 BULLETIN 1415, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
In another class of boxed-apple markets the greater part of the 
receipts is from the boxed-apple States, and boxed apele: are the 
market leaders, although not without competition from the nearest 
barrel regions. These markets are in the North Central and South — 
Central States and include St. Paul, Kansas City, Omaha, and lead- 
ing cities of Texas, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. 
A third class comprises the strongly competitive markets where 
the barreled-apple regions-ship more than half the average number 
of car-lot unloads. These aati most large markets eastward from 
Chicago and\St. Louis. In seasons when the boxed and barreled 
apple supplies are abundant and fairly equal in total car-lot move- 
ment, the number of unloads of boxed apples sometimes exceeds 
those of barreled stock, even in Chicago. In Milwaukee and Detroit, 
although a boxed-apple State is the leading single source of supply 
for both cities, their combined receipts from the barrel region are 
ereater than those from the box sections. 3 
Markets of the Pacific coast and the Rocky Mountain region are 
supplied from the boxed-apple region. Eastern cities, from Chicago 
to the coast, are mostly close to barreled-apple regions and use more 
eastern than western apples. Markets in the upper Mississippi 
Valley and in most parts of the South are distant from the main 
apple regions and are competing ground for both classes. From 
Ranke City southward most markets take more boxed than barreled 
stock. In 1923 when both classes were in liberal supply, southern 
boxed-apple markets included New Orleans, Dallas, and Birming- 
ham, while a tier of markets from Washington down to Atlanta 
received more carloads of barreled than of boxed apples. The cap- 
ture of many southern markets by the boxed apple is a notable 
recent development. 
Comparison of boxed and barreled unloads in the following dis- 
cussion of city markets is based on total car lots received during the 
calendar years 1918 to 1923, as shown in Table 9. The better to 
illustrate proportions and comparisons with total State shipments, 
the unload maps are presented, where the average of the crop years 
1918-19 to 1923-24 is used and car lots reduced to bushels on the 
basis of 756 bushels to a car of boxed apples and 525 to a car of 
barreled. 
Arranged according to geographical location, the markets may be 
conveniently classified as eastern, midwestern, southern, and western. 
FEATURES OF CITY MARKETS 
EASTERN 
NEW YORK 
The States of Washington, Oregon, California, Montana, and 
Idaho, chiefly supply New York City with boxed apples. The State 
of New York in the barrel region leads in the total supply, and apples 
arrive from one or more of these States practically throughout the — 
year. Relative quantities of receipts from the principal eastern and 
western sources are shown in Figure 18. 
Boxed apples are sold on the railroad pier directly or are sold at 
auction and bought by jobbers, large retail grocers, push-cart ped- 
