62 BULLETIN 1415, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
TRANSPORTATION CHARGES 
From points in the Wenatchee and Yakima districts of Washing- 
ton to New York City, transportation charges vary with the type 
of service required. ‘The per box charge from Wenatchee or Yakima 
to New York during the 1922-23 season for shipments moving under 
shippers’ protective service, if 756 boxes of apples were loaded to the 
car, was about 74 cents. 7 
The per box charge during this season for shipments moving under 
heater service from Wenatchee or Yakima to New York City was 
about 78 cents per box with 756 boxes loaded to the car. If ship- 
ment was made under standard refrigeration, the charge from We- 
natchee or Yakima to New York City was about 87 cents per box. 
The 80-cent amount shown as transportation charges is an average 
based on the shipments made to New York by the organizations 
included in this study. 
SHIPPING ORGANIZATION CHARGES 
Results of a study of the cost and sales records of eight shipping 
organizations located in the Wenatchee and Yakima districts are the 
basis for the amount shown as the shipping organization margin. 
This margin ($0.27) consists of a number of expenses, including those 
of the organizations and charges paid by them for services rendered 
by outside agencies. The more important of these expenses which 
must be deducted from the organization’s f. 0. b. shipping point 
price ($1.45) are (1) labeling, (2) warehousing, (3) cold storage and 
some storage-in-transit charges, (4) brokerage or other marketing 
organization charges, (5) expenses of selling and traffic department 
if the shipping organization maintains these departments, (6) fees 
for membership in federations or associations, (7) Government or 
private inspection service, (8) any extra transportation charges prop- 
erly chargeable to f. 0. b. sales (extra diversions, demurrage, etc.). 
GROWER’S PORTION PER PACKED BOX 
The $1.18 indicated as the grower’s portion per packed box is the 
average price per box received by the grower for Extra Fancy and 
Fancy Wingsa apples, sizes 72 to 163. This return is determined 
by deducting the average shipping organization margin ($0.27) from 
the average f. 0. b. producing area price ($1.45). The average pool 
price of all sales of these grades and sizes obtained by growers in 
eight shipping organizations in Wenatchee and Yakima was $1.12, so 
that $1.18 can be considered a representative return for apples sold 
through the channels of distribution included in this study. 
From the grower’s portion must be deducted (1) packing expenses— 
box, paper, nails, labor, and overhead which together amounted to 
about 40 cents per box during the 1922-23 season—and (2) produc- 
tion expenses—pruning, spraying, thinning, irrigating, maintenance 
of equipment, picking, interest on investment in orchard and equip- 
ment, etc. On the basis of these figures, apples selling at an average 
of $2.64 to jobbers showed approximately 78 cents to the grower 
after packing expenses were taken out, but before any production 
expenses had been deducted. 
