72 BULLETIN 1415, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
and Rotterdam, which are attended by the apple buyers from Holland 
and the Scandinavian countries. Rotterdam is the distributing 
point for Holland, the Rhineland, and as far south as the Swiss border. 
Auctions are held at the steamship sheds on Mondays and Wednes- 
days. The brokers have their men at the docks, who separate the 
packages of fruit into piles according to variety, brand, size, and grade 
as they are unloaded. The fruit is then catalogued for sale in the 
manner that is common to all fruit auction sales. Some of the Dutch 
brokers maintain branch houses in western Germany to work up trade 
and maintain direct connections with that trade. In years of normal 
crops, Holland and Germany are supplied with domestic apples during 
the fall months. Ordinarily there will be some demand for American 
apples for the Christmas trade starting the 1st of December, but the 
real demand comes after the Ist of January and lasts until the end 
of the season. Rotterdam shows a much keener demand for boxed 
apples than for those in barrels. The outlet is for fancy fruit. 
The time element is important in filling orders placed by Danish 
agents, and shipments not arriving on time are likely to be rejected. 
For this reason direct shipments are seldom made to Denmark from 
Pacific ports. Most of the supply in Scandinavian markets is from 
stock held in New York or reshipped from Hull or other British port 
markets. Auction sales at Hamburg are a feature of the German 
trade in American boxed apples. The demand is for wrapped stock, 
medium and large sizes, 1380 and larger, of leading fed varieties, 
especially the Delicious, Jonathan, Winesap, and Rome Beauty. 
Argentine importers order by cable, paying for the fruit on receipt 
of bill, or they handle on commission. The fruit is placed in cold 
storage at Buenos Aires and sold in jobbing lots. 
More boxed than barreled apples enter Cuba from the United 
States. Leading boxed varieties in the Cuban market are Winesap, 
Jonathan, and Delicious from Washington and Oregon. These are 
in general demand for eating, and compose about two-thirds of the 
apple imports from the United States according to local reports. 
They sell for about the price prevailing f. 0. b. shipping points in pro- 
ducing sections with tariff, freight, storage, and commission added, 
amounting to about $1.50 per box additional. The barreled apples 
include many of the York Imperial and Ben Davis from Virginia, 
Pennsylvania, and New York. 
Australia and New Zealand have attracted some attention from 
American apple-exporting interests; but the trade has never reached 
any great volume because of transportation difficulties, import restric- 
tions, and perhaps the lack of vigorous, persistent effort to develop 
these markets. Australian importers usually buy f. 0. b. shipping 
point through their agents on the Pacific coast and distribute their 
imports mainly from Sydney in New South Wales. In New Zealand 
importers usually buy f. 0. b. of Pacific coast dealers, but they handle 
some fruit on consignment, selling it direct to dealers and sometimes 
at auction. 
CLOSE COMPETITORS 
Canadian boxed apples in foreign markets, especially those of the 
United Kingdom, are close competitors of boxed apples from the 
United States. Their season is about the same and their grades and 
packs are similar, Canadian shippers are supplied with official infor- 
