MARKETING WESTERN BOXED APPLES 73 
mation on prices and market conditions. The United States north- 
western boxed apple has been able to hold its own because it is longer 
known and strongly established in favor, with the aid of long experi- 
ence in packing, aggressive marketing, wide distribution, and a well- 
developed system of transportation. Several of the leading north- 
western varieties, like Winesap and Yellow Newtown, are particu- 
larly well suited to the requirements of export trade. Apples from 
Australia and New Zealand follow those from the United States. 
They compete at the end of the season rather than at the beginning. 
Dealers accordingly attempt to clear out the supply of American 
apples before the Australian apples come on the market. 
PRICES AND THE SUPPLY 
In a well-balanced export market situation, the foreign apple 
prices would naturally correspond closely with the domestic markets, 
allowing for difference in freight and various extras. But often the 
APPLES: AVERAGE OF PRICE RANGES IN NEW YORK AND IN BRITISH 
MARKETS, 1923-24 
DOLLARS 
PER BOX 
JONATHAN 
OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. 
Fic. 33.—Heavy exports in 1923 depressed the British market, bringing the price of Jonathans to 
the level of the New York market 
price correspondence is by no means close (fig. 33). In the closing 
months of 1923 standard varieties of various grades were selling from 
90 cents to $1.50 f. o. b. northwestern shipping points. Adding 90 
cents for direct ocean freight with refrigeration would bring them to 
a delivered cost price basis of $1.80 to $2.40. Selling range at port 
markets of the United Kingdom during the closing weeks of 1923 
was $1.50 to $3.08. The lack of foreign quotations by grades and 
sizes makes close comparison impossible. Domestic markets, includ- 
ing auctions, ranged at the same time mainly from $1 to $2.50, which 
was not far from the general level of the export market, freight differ- 
ences considered. Evidently some of the sales showed a net loss in 
either case. The uneven and irregular rate of supply causes many 
discrepancies in comparing the marketlevels. A better-regulated 
supply would tend to keep export shipments within a volume which 
at least could be sold at the average cost and expenses. 
