6 BULLETIN 244, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
the shortleaf-hardwood mixed forest ascends the mountain slopes 
to about 2,000 feet. The prevailing associates west of the Mississippi 
River are oaks and hickories, particularly yellow oak, bitternut and 
pignut hickories; on the dry ridges post and black-jack oaks; and 
in the fresher soils white and red oaks, big-bud or mocker-nut hickory, 
and red gum. 1 The commercial importance of all the hardwoods 
typically associated with shortleaf is comparatively small, except 
white oak in the region of its better development. Several inferior 
species, including persimmon, sassafras, and dogwood, are nearly 
everywhere represented in the mixture. 
Table 2. 
-Forest composition of the Arkansas and Ozarl: National Forests. 1 
Arkansas National Forest. - 
Ozark National Forest. 3 
Species. 
Total stand. 
Per 
centage 
of 
total 
stand. 
Diameter. 
Total stand. 
Per 
centage 
Average. 
Maxi- 
mum. 
of 
total 
stand. 
Shortleaf pine 
Board feet. 
1.500,000,000 
300.000.000 
100.000.000 
350, 000 
3, 348, 000 
96, 302, 000 
75.00 
15.00 
5.00 
.02 
1.67 
3.31 
Inches. 
18 
17 
16 
16 
16 
Inches. 
34 
36 
18 
18 
22 
Board feet. 
108, 890, 000 
605, 925, 000 
252, 809. 000 
40,271,000 
63,248.000 
1,174,000 
10.15 
White oak 
Red and black oak 
23.57 
Hickory 
3.76 
Red gum 
5.90 
.11 
Total 
2, 000, 000, 000 
100.00 
1.032,317,000 
100.00 
1 Figures for the Arkansas Forest secured during reconnaissance in 1913. Figures for Ozark Forest from 
Bulletin 106, Forest Service, " Wood-Using Industries and National Forests of Arkansas." 
2 Area of Forest, 750.000 acres. 
8 Area of Forest, 481,575 acres. 
The percentage of shortleaf is relatively small hi the Ozark, which 
is farther north, and increases outside of both Forests because of the 
lower elevations and warmer situations. 
Under virgin conditions the progressive changes within this mixed 
type resemble in some respects those that occur with white pine. 
By the thinning or removal of the valuable shortleaf pine, oppor- 
tunity has been afforded for the more rapid reproduction of tolerant 
hardwoods already on the ground. Thus, some territory fomierly 
dominated by shortleaf in mixture is now held almost exclusively by 
hardwoods. 
i Names of hardwoods mentioned: 
Big-bud hickory (Hicoria alba Britt.). 
Black gum (Xyssa sylvatica Marsh.). 
Black-jack oak (Quercus marilandica Muenchh.). 
Dogwood ( Cornus florida Linn.). 
Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus Linn.). 
Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana Linn.). 
Pignut hickory (Hicoria glabra Britt.). 
Post oak (Quercus minor (Marsh.) Sarg.). 
I Red gum (Liquidambar styraciflua Linn.). 
I Red maple (Acer rubrum Linn.). 
| Red oak (Quercus rubra Linn.). 
Sassafras (Sassafras sassafras (Linn.) Karst). 
Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.). 
Spanish oak (Quercus digitata (Marsh.) Sudw.). 
White oak (Quercus alba Linn.). 
Yellow oak (Quercus velutina Lam.). 
