FARM MANAGEMENT IN CLINTON COUNTY, INDIANA, 
35 
increase in expense for silo filling, twine, fuel and oil, and decrease 
in value of work animals were relatively much greater than the aver- 
age increase of all expenses. There was one silo on the 100 farms in 
1910 and 22 in 1919. The increase in expense for fuel and oil was 
increased somewhat by the use of tractors the last few years. 
The decrease in value of work animals over the 8-year period was 
about $5.50 per animal. (This should not be taken as a depreciation 
figure for work animals.) For the area as a whole, more animals 
were raised than was necessary to do the work on the farms, and a 
number of work stock were replaced by younger ones before they 
reached depreciation age. 
For work animals and colts combined, there was a net receipt of 
$41 per farm per year. 
Expenses snowed less variation than receipts from year to year 
in each 4-year period (fig. 9). 
EXPENSES 
DOLLARS 
THOUSANDS 
Yi 
1 " ' 
r~ 1 
^^^ 
1 AVERAGE OF FOUR YEARS j 
«— ^— 1916 -1919 
«»"■ 1910 AND I9IS-I9I5 
„.-.-' 

.---• 
- 

.--•*" 
4^ 
! i ; 
1 
40 
80 
120 
160 200 240 280 
SIZE OF FARM IN ACRES 
320 360 400 
-Expenses for 40-acre farms were 21 per cent higher the last 4-year period than the first 4-year period: 
for 120-acre farms, 63 per cent higher; and for 240-acre farms, 73 per cent higher. 
FARM EARNINGS. 
The annual farm income, or the farm receipts less the farm ex- 
Eenses, averaged $1,970 per farm for the 8-year period. It was 
ighest in 1918, when it reached $2,978; and lowest in 1910, when it 
was $1,287. 
The 8-year average labor income was $631 per farm, ranging from 
$44 per farm in 1914 to $1,421 per farm in 1918. 
The average return on the farm capital was 5.7 per cent, ranging 
from as low as 3.9 per cent in 1914 to as high as 7.9 per cent in 1918. 
The 8-year average value of the family living direct from the farm 
(which is not included as part of the farm income or labor income 
above) was estimated at $347, having increased from $262 in 1914 
to $493 in 1918. 
Estimates of the amounts and value of items of the family living 
coming directly from the farm were made by the farmers for 1918 
and 1919 only. The figures here shown for the earlier years were 
calculated as iollows : 
(a) By finding the average quantities of each item per adult 
equivalent for 1918 and 1919 for each farm. 
