22 
BULLETIN 1258, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
in corn, the yield of corn per acre, the amount of corn sold, and the 
amount of feed bought. 
Hogs represented more than half of the productive livestock on 
the 100 farms and cattle more than a third. 
Most of the 100 farms kept from 1 to 4 cows (Table 17), either of 
dairy or dual-purpose breeds, and primarily for suoplying dairy 
products for family use. After the household needs had been sup- 
plied small amounts of dairy products were sold, averaging $58 per 
farm in 1913 and SI 14 in 1918. With few exceptions, the farms 
with 5 to 9 cows sold considerable quantities of dairy products, 
averaging $171 per farm in 1913 and $296 in 1918. The two farms 
with more than 10 cows in 1913 averaged $562 sales of dairy products, 
while only a very small quantity of dairy products was sold from 
the farm that in 1918 had more than 10 cows. 
About half of the calf production on these farms was sold before 
the calves were a year old, and the other calves were kept two or 
three years before selling. 
Beei-cattle feeding was not carried on extensively in this area. 
Only 17 of the 100 farms fed as many as 10 head of cattle in a season. 
Four of these farms fed beef cattle during 6 of the 8 years and 
two during 4 of the 8 years, and five additional men fed beef cattle 
for. only 1 and 2 of the 8 years. Table 20 shows the number of 
farms feeding 10 or more head each year. 
Table 20. — Number of farms out of 100 with 10 or more head of feeding cattle. 
Number of feeding cattle per farm. 
Number of farms in — 
1910 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 
10 to 19 
1 
6 
2 
1 
4 
3 
1 
1 
1 
| 2 
1 
_. 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
2 
20to29 
30 to 39 
1 
40 to 49 
2 
_. 
1 
50 to 59 
60 to 69 
1 
1 
70to79 
80 to 89 
1 

90 to 99 , 
100 and over 
. . J ... 
1 
1 
1 
Total 
8 
10 
5 
5 4 
6 
7 
5 
The preference for the production of hogs over that of cattle in this 
area was partly due to the size of the farms, the relative amounts of 
capital involved, and the prices of cattle and hogs. Forty-five per 
cent of the farms were under 100 acres in size in 1918 and 39 per 
cent from 101 to 180 acres, leaving only 16 per cent larger than 180 
acres. Practically all of these farms were too small to maintain 
breeding herds of sufficient size to give satisfactory returns from beef 
production on land worth almost $200 per acre. 
The value of the output from a given amount of capital in brood 
sows was much greater than from that in breeding cows, or from that 
in the purchase of feeding cattle. The amount of capital involved 
was therefore much less in the production of hogs than of beef cattle. 
The prices received for the corn and clover production were higher 
when marketed through hogs than cattle. The average price paid 
to producers of hogs in the United States for these eight years was 
