FARM MANAGEMENT IN CLINTON COUNTY, INDIANA. 13 
Timothy was often seeded with clover, mainly as an alternative 
for hay and pasture, and to save breaking the rotation, in case of 
clover failures. 
Clover was an important supplementary crop with corn, for 
resting the land from corn, adding nitrogen to the soil, furnishing 
protein for the livestock, and sometimes producing a crop of seed. 
The last, however, was somewhat uncertain; only one of the eight 
years was a really good clover-seed year. Upon the acreage basis, 
only 17 per cent of the clover and timothy production was sold as 
cash crops, which contributed but 3 per cent of the total farm receipts. 
Such organization of the land for the production of crops presup- 
poses a 3-year 3-crop rotation of corn, small grains, and clover and 
timothy, which was the dominant rotation of the area. The 3-year 
rotation was sometimes lengthened into a 4-year rotation by growing 
corn two successive years, or by growing small grains two successive 
years, usually wheat following oats. 
Farms of 60 acres or less deviated more from this standard 3-year 
3-crop rotation than the larger farms. In efforts to grow more 
corn without renting additional land, the following successions of 
crops were employed on some of the smaller farms: Corn, corn, 
small grains, clover and timothy; corn, corn, clover and timothy; 
corn, clover and timothy. In these instances, about 50 per cent, 
or even more, of the entire farm was in corn. 
On these small farms, instances were found where almost the entire 
farm was put to corn occasional years, followed for a few years by a 
dividing up of the crops among corn, small grains, clover and timothy, 
or between corn, and clover and timothy. These are the instances 
where the percentage of land in corn reached 70 or more of the total 
land in the farm. (See Table 5.) 
Some of the smaller farms also produced canning tomatoes from 
small acreages, another effort at intensifying their crop production. 
On a few small farms, 2 or 3 acres of tomatoes sometimes returned 
more than 10 per cent, and occasionally more than 20 per cent, of the 
total farm receipts. These farms were too small to lend themselves 
to the regular cropping system prevailing on the larger farms, and 
yet give sufficient returns above what the farms furnished directly 
in food, fuel, and use of house to support adequately the families 
living on them. 
The proportion of the total land area that was in crops remained 
practically constant throughout the period, although that devoted 
to the different crops varied somewhat from year to year. Corn, 
the small grains, and clover and timothy, in the order named, were 
the crops occupying largest acreages. During this period there was 
a tendency to an increased acreage in corn, while the acreage in the 
small grains, and that in clover and timothy, remained about the 
same. The percentage of the total land area in corn was increased, 
while that in the small grains and clover and timothy was decreased. 
See Table 1 for yearly acreage variations and Table 4 and Figure 1 
for yearly percentage variations of these crops. 
