Le WHEAT PRODUCTION ON DRY LANDS. 45 
plants were comparatively small and naturally were more easily torn 
out by the harrow in any spring cultivation. To meet this condition 
harrowing was done at varying periods, depending on the size of 
plants. Because of these factors it took time to develop experiments 
that are comparable, and while such experiments were conducted 
each year, results are presented for only the years 1919, 1920, and 
1921. Careful plant counts were made before and after each cultiva- 
tion to determine the effect of the cultivation on stands. The results 
are presented in Table 25. 
_ In these experiments the first harrowing was given in the spring 
immediately after the weather warmed up enough for work and at 
the time farmers ordinarily first harrow the crop. The second and 
third harrowings were given at 10-day intervals thereafter. The 
other treatments were given when the plants were at the stage of 
growth indicated. 
) The data lead to the conclusion that any cultivation of the crop 
_ before it reaches the stage when it is large enough to cover the ground 
_ is decidedly injurious to the stand, and even under the severe condi- 
tions of the period of these experiments, when thinner stands should 
have been at a comparatively greater advantage, thinning at this 
stage did not increase average yields. 
TaBLE 25.—Annual and average yields and percentage of loss in stand of Turkey winter 
wheat in a spring harrowing experiment at Lind, Wash., during the 3-year period from 
1919 to 1921, inclusive. 
Yields per acre and loss in stand. 
| 
Harrowing treatment. 1919 1920 1921 Average. 
=: | Stand : Stand : Stand | x. Stand 
aT Gl tank: ee] “eS Yield. ee Yield. | ta 
U. 2. ef. Bu. PEE Bu. Per 
Unharrowed (check).. ......._....-- 16 4) 23852 9.4 5.1 14.7 24.2 12. 4s 
Piarrowed ORPe. 2. > 12.8 23.7 9.5 27.2 14.3 20. 2 12.3 23.7 
eeerswedl GW 3 cB Bay 51.6 9.7 35.0 13.6 53.0 i hy ¢ 46.5 
Harrowed three times...............- 10.4| 62.9 LED 52.3 14.5 61.2 10.9 58.8 
_ Harrowed when covering the ground., 13.3 40.5 10.2 16.5 14.3 BPAY 12.6 29.9 
_ Harrowed when covering the ground 
and when 6 inches high............ 2 Bees 98 8.9 13-5 28.5 115 
RESULTS AT NEPHI. 
At Nephi only two plats were included in the experiments on har- 
_ rowing growing wheat. Both were plowed in the spring for fallow 
_ and cultivated normally during the fallow period. Harrowing was 
_ done on one of the plats when the grain was about 5 inches in height; 
the other was left uncultivated. The results are given in Table 26. 
TS 
Taste 26.—Annual and average yields of Turkey winter wheat, on plats harrowed in the 
spring and not harrowed at Nephi, Utah, during the 7-year period from 1909 to 1915, 
inclusive. 
Annual and average vields per acre (bushels). 
Treatment. 
ee ee ee 
' rrr ‘ 
1 
1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 Average. 
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