24 
BULLETIN 1434, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
of the early-rot and bitter-rot organisms {Guignardia vaccinii and 
Glomerella cingulata vaccinii, respectively), one or both of which are 
generally among the five most important fungi found in comparable 
studies of eastern cranberries. 
Two rots are found in storage which may be determined by symp- 
toms alone, hard rot (cotton ball) and black rot (caused by Ceutho- 
spora lunata Shear). Hard rot has been described above. Black-rot 
berries are, as the name implies, black or bluish black in color and 
are usually rather firm in texture, whereas the majority of other rots 
are of the soft or watery type. The proportion of black rot is some- 
what higher than that indicated in the tables, beeause berries obvi- 
ously rotted by this organism were not often cultured. 
Proportionately, all varieties appear to be affected about equally 
by the different fungi, with the exception of Bennett, which has a 
higher percentage of end rot as a rule, and Searls, which often shows 
more black rot and Phomopsis than the average. Since the storage 
experiments showed that unsprayed Bennett and Searls berries inva- 
riably rotted worse than all other varieties tested, it is logical to 
conclude that these two varieties are more susceptible to these fungi. 
Sporonema was rarely found on any variety except McFarlin. 
Table 15 gives the results of cultures made from berries that 
rotted early — that is, just preceding or following harvest. It was 
previously pointed out that this early-developing rot is largely due 
to Phomopsis. 
Table 18. — Fungi developing in cultures from green Howes cranberries from West 
bog, West, Oreg., in 
Fungus 
June 26, 
flowers 
open or 
just 
fallen 
July 3, 
bloom 
gone, 
berries 
well set 
July 11, 
berries 
7*6 to 
Vs inch 
diameter 
July 16, 
berries 
nearly 
half- 
grown 
July 25 
Aug. 2, 
berries 
about 
three- 
fourths 
grown 
Aug. 9, 
berries 
large 
Aug. 22, 
berries 
begin- 
ning to 
ripen 
Wi 
B-' 
S3 
W 
B 
S 
W 
B 
s 
W 
B 
s 
W 
B 
S 
W 
B 
s 
W 
B 
S 
W 
B 
s 
Acanthorhyncus vac- 
cinii 
1 
1 
1 
Botrytis sp. 
2 
...3 
... 
2 
1 
1 
1 
Ceuthospora lunata.. 
1 
2 
1 
Cladosporium sp 
1 
... 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 . 
"l" 
«5 
1 
1 
4 
Fusarium sp 
— 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
Fusicoccum putre- 
faciens.. 
1 
1 
... 
1 
Guignardia vaccinii.. 
' 
1 
... 
1 
1 
Penicillium sp 
1 
1 
"2 
1 
2 
Phomopsis sp 
1 
1 
1 
2 
4 
2 
... 
<1 
Pleospora sp 
Sterile 
Not identified 
3 
5 7 
7 
1 
6 
54 
6| 1 
2 |*8 
f 
H 
1 
57 
7 
3 
1 
4 
2 
5 
6 
4 
1 
4 
3 
r <6 
2 
3 
7 
1 
8 
9 
1 
9 
3 
1 
1 
5 3 
8 
Total number 
of cultures... 
10 
10 
10 
10 10 
10 
10 
10 
10 10 
1 
10 
10 
10 10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
no 
10 
10 
1 W indicates that the whole berry was used for culture. 
2 B indicates that blossom-end half of - berry was used for culture. 
3 S indicates that stem -end half of berry was used for culture. 
4 Two fungi in one culture. 
5 Many unidentified fungi were contaminations, especially frequent in the earlier cultures made before 
a culture chamber was available. 
