COOPERATIVE MARKETING OF COTTON 293 
Voting power is exercised by the individual members in the an- 
nual election of a board of directors. Each member has one vote 
and only one, regardless of the quantity of cotton produced. The 
operation of this one- man, one-vote principle prevents concentration 
of voting power in a group of large producers. It assures demo- 
cratic control of the organization ‘to the same extent and in the 
same manner that prevails in county, State, and National Govern- 
ments. 
MANAGEMENT 
The control and management of each association is delegated to 
the board of directors, elected annually by the membership. The 
board has regular and special meetings, the members usually serving 
without salary but receiving reimbursement for traveling expenses 
and $10 per day for the time covered by attendance at meetings and 
in traveling thereto and therefrom. Each association, with the ex- 
ception of the Arkansas Farmers’ Union association, provides in its 
by-laws for the nomination, selection, or appointment of one or more 
public directors to represent and protect the interest of the general 
public. These directors, who need not be members or growers, have 
full authority as directors. They are usually named by State offi- 
cials or the heads of educational institutions. They hold office for 
one year. 
The directors of each association appoint an executive committee, 
to which it delegates certain powers and activities in the immediate 
@irection of the association’s business. The number of executive 
committeemen varies from three to five in the different associations. 
They meet more frequently than the directors, and may or may not, 
as determined by the directors, receive compensation in addition to 
their expenses and a per diem allowance. Usually, like the direc- 
tors, they receive only actual expenses and $10 per day when attend- 
ing meetings. 
The officers elected or appointed by the board of directors are 
usually a president, vice president, secretary, and treasurer. In 
some associations assistant secretaries are appointed, and in some 
the same individual serves as both secretary and treasurer. The by- 
laws describe the powers and duties of the officers, which in the 
main are the powers and duties ordinarily belonging to such posi- 
tions in other cooperative and noncooperative business organiza- 
tions. 
The operatine departments or divisions are usually designated by 
such terms as sales, finance, accounting and general ‘office, ‘legal and 
field service. Each is in charge of an experienced man. T he execu- 
tive head of the organization is a general manager, who in some 
instances, is also the “president. In selecting these men the directors 
endeavor to get the best ability obtainable, in accordance with the 
avowed policy of employing experts to conduct their business. Un- 
lke farmer organizations of earlier days, they were, in the begin- 
ning, inclined to pay unusually high rather than ver y low salaries. 
In many cases this was necessary “because of the uncertain future 
of the new enterprise. Many adjustments have been made and at 
the present time salaries paid are more comparable with those for 
like services in noncooperative business organizations. In general, 
the policy of employing high-grade men at salaries commensurate 
with their ability has been justified by results. 
