CONTROL OF DECAY IN PULP AND PULP WOOD 
11 
for each new pile, removing the old ones and utilizing them for pulp, 
if suitable. Before new piles are started it is also good practice to 
rake up and remove all bark debris which has accumulated from the 
old ones. 
A better type of foundation can be made by supporting creosoted 
stringers on concrete piers or creosoted wood blocks, with the footings 
sufficiently large to prevent them from being forced into the ground. 
The supports should be at least 12 inches high to allow ample side 
ventilation. A concrete foundation experimented with at one of the 
Wisconsin mills is similar to a rail in section and 10 feet long. The 
base is 18 inches broad, and the web is provided with 5-inch circular 
openings spaced 12 inches apart. (See fig. 1.) This has been found 
oi sufficient strength to stand up under the hardest usage it is likely 
to get with large 12 to 16 foot hemlock logs. (See PL VII, fig. 4.) 
ROTATION OF WOOD 
None of the wood should be held in storage longer than absolutely 
necessary, for losses during the second and third years are entirely out 
of proportion to those of the first year. No method of storage which 
Two rods l" from center line. 
1 
O 
■9-holea 5'dia \Z"o.c- 
o e 
IT 
ffiree rods Z'o.c 
-^— i/ 
h 8 ""i / 
W:& 
^■■\ 
j S<^_ rods 10 long. 
Six rods 3"o.c. 
Fig. 1.— Sketch and specifications for precast reinforced-concrete skid in experimental use at a Wisconsin 
mill 
is economically feasible will fully protect wood for long periods, and 
mills should make every effort to reduce the storage time to a mini- 
mum. The time in storage should be reckoned from the date of 
cutting and due allowance made accordingly in assigning a rotation 
number, which should bo plainly marked on each pile (PI. VIII, fig. 1) 
or section of a pile in the yard. The material should always be sent 
to the wood room in the order indicated. Large conical piles should 
be completely utilized. New wood should never be piled on old wood 
at the base. The same attention should be paid to cleaning up bark 
debris at the bottom of these piles as would be given to ranked piles. 
In order that the wood may be piled most conveniently for later 
utilization, a survey of the yard is highly desirable. Following this, 
a diagram and blue prints can be prepared for the use of the yard 
crew, so that a definitely prearranged plan will be available to coun- 
teract a tendency toward indiscriminate piling. 
GENERAL SANITATION 
Many yards are littered with rotten or infected wood or bark debris 
which should be removed and burned. Infection of new wood may 
spread from this in two ways, namely, by spores from fruit bodies 
