COCKLEBUES AS POISONOUS PLANTS 13 
MICROSCOPIC CHANGES IN TISSUES 
At the time of the autopsies, samples were preserved of such tissues 
as it was thought desirable to examine in greater detail. In this 
work 142 samples of tissues were sectioned and studied. 
In the sections of the livers every lobule examined was found to 
be hemorrhagic, although the interlobular branches of the portal 
vein did not contain an excess of blood. Usually most of the intra- 
lobular capillaries and often the central lobular veins had more or 
less completely disappeared, and many of the hepatic cells were 
necrotic. In the most advanced cases the liver cords were broken up, 
leaving a few dead hepatic cells lying in a mass of blood. In the 
least advanced cases the hepatic cells were still arranged in cords, 
but were compressed, and most of them necrotic. Usually two or 
three rows of cells in the peripheral portion of the lobule were less 
severely affected, though greatly swollen. In 6 of the 10 cases an 
excess of leucoc} T tes was found throughout the liver tissues. 
The bile ducts varied considerably in their condition. As a rule 
the smallest ducts were little altered. The larger ducts usually had 
a swollen epithelium, a few cells of which were necrotic. A few 
ducts, in four of the cases, contained exfoliated epithelial cells. In 
six of the cases the interlobular connective tissue was edematous, and 
in two cases the capillaries of this region were congested. In four 
cases the walls of the gall bladders were necrotic and thickened by a 
serous exudate. In three of these the tissues were infiltrated with 
leucocytes, and in one case there were hemorrhages. 
The changes in the kidneys were less severe than those in the livers. 
The most pronounced alterations were in the epithelium of the con- 
voluted tubules. This was swollen and often in a well-advanced stage 
of granular disintegration, the granular material being- scattered 
throughout the lumina. In such tubules the nuclei were disarranged 
and often shrunken. In some cases many cells were necrotic. Simi- 
lar changes had occurred in the ascending limb of Henle. The de- 
scending limb was often distended and sometimes contained hyaline 
casts. The collecting tubules were much less affected, but in some 
cases they had a swollen and even granular epithelium. Blood, as 
a rule, was not abundant, though occasional capillaries, both inter- 
tubular and those in the glomeruli, were distended, and in some cases 
minute hemorrhages were present. 
The sections of the walls of the fundus portion of the stomach of 
the pigs, with the single exception of pig 13, showed a capillary con- 
gestion or hemorrhagic condition of the mucous membrane. In the 
milder cases this consisted of a pronounced distention and engorge- 
ment of the capillaries near the surface of this membrane. In the 
more pronounced cases severe hemorrhages had occurred. The con- 
gestion and hemorrhage were confined, in all but one case, to the 
portion of the mucous membrane next to the stomach cavity, and 
extended through about one-third of its thickness. Usually there 
was edema of the interglandular tissues, with a swelling or degenera- 
tion of the cells. 
"No congestion or hemorrhage was found in the mucous membrane 
of the sections of the abomasum of the sheep or cattle. In one of 
the cattle the interglandular cells were swollen, and in this and the 
other cases leucocytes in this region were slightly more abundant 
