30 BVLLETIX 336, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGBIGTJLTUBE. 
are less erect. The awns are slender, medium long, and very stiff. 
This character renders it more or less "unpleasant to harvest and 
thrash. The average yield of the Servia spelt in a 5-year test at 
Arlington Farm was 12.39 bushels less than that of the Alstroum. 
This variety was discarded at College Park after a 2-vear trial. 
Blade Winter. — The Black Winter emmer, 1 C. I. No. 2337. which 
has been grown in field plats at College Park and Arlington Fann 
was obtained in 1904 from a seed firm in Paris. Several earlier 
importations were grown in nursery rows only. The plant and head 
characters of emmer are quite different from those of spelt. The 
whole plant is larger, the leaves are wider, and the stem is larger in 
diameter. In the Black Whiter (Black Velvet Winter) the heads are 
of a grayish black, velvety appearance: hence the name. The heads 
are quite large, bearded, compact, and much flattened. The awns 
are very long, heavy, and spreading. The yields of winter emmer at 
College Park have invariably been lower than those of spelt, the 
average for six years being 36.57 bushels as compared with 63.23 
bushels for Alstroum spelt. A much greater difference in favor of 
spelt has been recorded at Arlington Farm, where the average yields 
were 22.33 bushels for emmer and 74. OS bushels for spelt. 
EXPERIMENTS WITH WINTER RYE. 
A varietal test of winter rye has been conducted at Arlington Farm 
since 1911. The rye varieties have not been grown in adjoining plats, 
but have been interspersed at more or less definite intervals through- 
out the series of wheat varietal plats. By this method the danger of 
cross-pollination among the rye varieties was greatly reduced. The 
test at Arlington Farm has included 12 varieties and selections of 
winter rye. No tests have been conducted at College Park. 
The date of seeding for winter rye has varied from October 5 to 15. 
This is earlier than rye is usually sown in farm practice. However, 
the high yields that have been obtained each year by early sowing 
seem to indicate that the crop is usually sown too late to insure the 
best results. All varieties have been sown at the rate of 6 pecks to 
the acre. 
The annual and average yields of these 12 varieties and selections 
for the four years from 1911 to 191-4. inclusive, are shown in Table IX. 
The average dates of heading and of maturity, height, yield of gram 
and of straw, and weight per bushel for these varieties are also shown. 
1 For a more complete discussion of -winter emmer, see Carleton. M. A., Winter emmer, U. S. Dept. 
Agr. Farmers 7 Bui. 466, 24 p., 8 fig., 1911. 
