CLEARING LAND IN THE LAKE STATES. gS) 
on this tract were as follows: 16-inch, 7; 18-inch, 12; 20-inch, 18; 
22-inch, 17; 24-inch, 16; 26-inch, 10; 28-inch, 4; 30-inch, 2; 32-inch, 1. 
The average diameter was 22 inches and the average height 33 inches. 
On a neighboring tract, similar in all respects, the stumps were 
pulled and cleaned under contract for 40 cents each. Here three 
men with a light team, using a capstan machine, pulled an average 
of 20 stumps a day. Theman forwhom the stumps were pulled 
under contract formerly used dynamite of 40 per cent strength and 
pulled the remaining roots with a team, using a block and line. 
He also tried heavy blocks and line. All these methods were found 
less satisfactory than a contract at 40 cents per stump. In piling 
stumps the device shown in figure 9 was used, and with the same 
crew an average of 50 stumps a day was piled. 
TRACT NO. 6. 
Traet No. 6 contained 1 acre of level land, having a loose, sandy 
soil. It was cleared in August, 1913. The outfit used was a capstan 
stump puller. At the time of tree growth this tract was wet; as a 
result the stumps were shallow rooted. The tract was logged about 
35 years ago. Repeated fires since that time had burned off the litter 
until the roots of the stumps were well exposed, and there was prac- 
tically no undergrowth or logs on the tract. The sizes of 62 white- 
pine stumps, selected at random and measured on this tract, were as 
follows: 12-inch, 4; 14-inch, 8; 16-inch, 9; 18-inch, 12; 20-inch, 11; 
22-inch, 9; 24-inch, 9. The average diameter was 18.6 inches and 
the average number per acre was 78. 
The low cost per stump of clearing this tract, as shown in Table 
VI, was due to the small size of the stumps and to the fact that the 
rooting system was very shallow. On this farm the actual cost of 
clearing over a hundred acres of land has been $39.30 per acre. About 
50 per cent of this land is as described above. The remainder is low, 
wet, sandy land with cedar, tamarack, and occasional white-pine or 
Norway-pine stumps. The average number of stumps per acre was 
about 12, and their average diameter was about 10 inches. 
TaBLE VI.—Cost of clearing tract No. 6. 
Daysem CBE 
Item. )-- ey sear |— 
ployed. Per diem.| Total. 
Pulling Sees: 
ee I en Se ra at Mac cave aig whe Ste ae cae Toe See eee essen s-| 1 $1.75 $d. 25 
i Tent a ots By sie  ay Sok sialic Sts Se aan. 1 4.50 | 4.50 
DISCTOMSTUTA SP ITUeC Cee saree wey fF ho ee Po PEE ESE eo | 1 1.50 1.50 
Piling and burning stumps: 
2 THOM 5 Bostinge shee eee ae ee SSP A ie a A 5 eee keane 2 Lio 4.20 
i EROS a. sos SS ie Se ae Me 4.50 | 5.40 
Bue stumps (time estimated): | 
eee et ee re oe hs ols 2 Sievaeig eae cteeie neces .6 1.78 | 2.10 
ae erueme ec 6 4.50] 2.70 
TERRY TP Sar VE rae ies Mee eae ee ae a SAM Ramee EOS [ek RRO | 25.65 
UND HRL FOES SU DITO aT 0) 2a ee Re (edie a hh epee | .329 
| 
