CLEARING LAND IN THE LAKE STATES. 19 
The work was done by an extensive stumping contractor. The 
stony ground made digging holes under the roots-and cleaning the 
stumps expensive. The large size of the stumps made their removal 
costly. The stumps were to be piled later in the year by the use of 
a log jammer. 
TRACT NO. 11. 
The operation on tract No. 11 consisted of pulling 1,319 large white- 
pine and scattering hardwood stumps on silt-loam to clay-loam soil. 
In places this tract was very stony. The outfit was a tripod stump 
puller, the same as that used for tract No. 10, which was adjacent. 
It had been logged 30 years before. All the second growth and logs 
had been removed. The average size of the stumps was slightly 
larger than those on tract No. 10. The average number of stumps 
pulled per day was 37, and the cost was as shown in Table XI. 
TABLE X1.—Cost of stumping tract No. 11. 
Cost 
Days em-| 
Item. ployed. ; 
Perdiem.| Total. 
Pulling and cleaning stumps: 
PeIVeT oO OAC aN Sea Memeet 7 Mik vaio nd eta es Wows ae (Shas chs ee | 71,2 $1.75 | $124. 50 
sUGprnea Tova tee GU Ta Meee ple er a Nn oes a aE a ae Neen I a a 35.6 4. 50 160. 20 
I TAME NALA AUR OV Ss) LOOSEN = Sere Ns ere SIS Se a op Sear eect ee a 35. 6 5. 85 208. 26 
USe, Oi Sitialintdyy OWING“ GES oe Sao se bece ore teas oon ce nos uses ee seUeeeeaeeo| 35. 6 1.50 53. 40 
Dynamite 40iper cent strength), 500 pounds, at 13 cents..........-.2.)2-.--2.-2-|-2222----- | 65. 00 
CeHOS PING INS. b od 2c 0 ah RCO Bape ier oe adss soa Sac eure oceans SUSheA se occ Eeneeeeesel ores aace | 2.51 
iPailineran deb unrmimer (estimated) a Reese Sono aoe eae once eee ee eee ee a lee | 450.00 
TOU Es oS OSs Ss Ces e He em tS ae Las ree ees Oe ee ar SPS Ree ot Pe a Ogee 1, 063. 87 
ASHORNEO DEL SHOUD] As he ee nae ree CNS PN est etl ean tly | Me ace 806 
1 Time of stumping, Aug. 12 to Sept. 26, 1913. 
A small charge of dynamite was placed under the larger stumps in 
order to split and loosen them. In commenting on the use of dyna- 
mite here, the contractor said: ‘‘This is the only job in my seven 
years of stumpmg where it would pay to use dynamite under nearly 
every stump.” The owner of this tract had previously used dynamite 
in stumping on his land. 
TRACT NO. 12. 
Tract No. 12-contained 40 acres of nearly level land with sandy- 
loam soil. The outfit was the same as for tract No. 11. The total 
number of stumps pulled was 2,400. The total number of stumps 
per acre was 60. The average number of stumps pulled per day was 
100. The stumps averaged somewhat smaller than in the two pre- 
ceding tracts, and the soil was sandy loam and free from stones. 
This work was done at a contract price of 18 cents per stump for 
pullmng, cleaning, and tippimg. The actual cost was 14 cents per 
stump, as shown in Table XII. 
