CLEARING LAND IN THE LAKE STATES. De 
TaBLE XIV.—Cost of labor and material used in-clearing tract No. 20. 
Cost. 
Days em- 
Item. 
ployed. Pee sf 
diem Total. 
Stumping and piling: 
(enrankwashlaboremandnanrivier: seems sates ye eee ee et ee Cy eae eae 60 $1.75 $105. 00 
ieIMaAnwasvaborerandepowGer mane sli eee es eee 60 Ls 105. 00 
UE OLSCMS ee ee eau te ee aa ciate West aa pe BGA Sook UO eee 60 1. 25 75. 00 
ALO Galdlab OR COSLs ae essa ease sie sete eis oid Sia ey aicdee arco WE Big Sods PP le ar Dy a a i ae 285. 00 
Dynamite (40:percent strength), 50 pounds; at 20\cents:-. 9.2... 2. 22 |- alee]. 2S 10. 00 
Fuse and caps........... Ae SACRE CLE Re iY LORE Nene i cetera ay. | eed, 75 
Burning stumps and completing clearing: 
UGTA Tae ee ee eco ga rehire ays Sei Rega mine Baie BEI ME Ree 7 Oey each 18 1.75 31.50 
amaniwatheteame se... 2405-42-22 BST SEPA Ui ih GL das AN NL ee Specs the aga 18 4,25 76. 50 
BN Gell pepe ee ete RE I oe ke Ee SA] Me oe Sah Creat ya ye ale CS ie 403. 75 
PASVICT.AL CREOS TSCA ACES Aa tars ttn Wek Or aie lai Mian A are) obey Gu ae Wee Maden a eS Oo | 22. 43 
This swamp clearing is typical of the cost of clearmg much of the 
severely burned swamp land of Cheboygan and Presque Isle Coun- 
ties, Mich. 
DISPOSAL OF STUMPS AFTER PULLING. 
Where medium-sized stumps have been well blasted the problem 
of stump disposal is relatively simple. It is considered cheaper to 
start several small, conveniently located fires in the holes made by 
blasting the stumps and then haul the remaining pieces to these fires 
than it is to build a few large piles and not set them on fire until all 
the stumps are piled. ‘ Where the stumps have been pulled by a 
stump puller without the use of powder the problem of disposal is 
more difficult. The general opinion throughout this region is that 
the cost of disposal practically equals the expense of pulling. Ali 
data secured seem to verify the accuracy cf this estimate. In the 
early days of clearing, the stumps were hauled into rows to serve as 
fences. At the present time very few such fences are bemg built. 
The usual contract price for haulng stumps into fences is 15 to 18 
cents each. 
PILING STUMPS. 
Large stumps are very hard to pile. Some owners split the stumps 
by the use of a small charge of dynamite placed either in a hole bored 
into the base of the stump or in a notch chopped between two promi- 
nent roots. Often the heart of the stump is sufficiently decayed so 
that the charge may be placed in it. A smali quantity of dynamite 
used in this manner will usually split the stump as well as a much 
larger charge would have done before the stump was pulled. 
By using a tripod, such as is shown in figure 10, with legs 40 or 
45 feet long and equipped with a double block and 150 feet of half- 
inch cable, the stumps can be piled 25 or 30 feet high. This tripod 
was used on tract No. 18. Another good method of piling is to use 
