24 BULLETIN 91, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
a piler with a swinging boom, as shown in figure 9. The mast of this 
pier is 30 feet high and the swinging boom 25 feet long. In using 
this boom piler the mast is set so that it leans slightly toward the 
pue. This causes the boom to swing to the center each time. This 
puler was used in clearing tract No. 5. Dropping stumps into a fire 
by means of piling devices is impracticable, because the heat soon 
becomes so intense that the pilmg operations must be abandoned. 
The work of pilmg stumps could be hastened materially if some 
satisfactory tripping device could be used. The usual self-tripping 
tongs and rope trips frequently catch on projecting roots and drop 
the load before it is at the desired position. 
OTHER WAYS OF DISPOSING CF STUMPS. 
In the past a considerable number of Norway-pine stumps have 
been used by turpentine manufacturers for distillation. The present 
low price of turpentine and naval stores has made the distillation of 
Norway-pine stumps unprofitable, and none of the turpentine plants 
are now in operation. ‘The white-pine stump contains too small a 
quantity of the properties of the Norway-pine stump to make it of 
any value. 
SUMMARY AND SUGGESTIONS. 
There are approximately 11,954,628 acres of logged-off land in 
Michigan, 10,792,100 acres in Wisconsin, and 11,768,000 acres in 
Minnesota. A large part of this area-will make good agricultural land 
if cleared and properly managed. In many localities poor methods 
make the clearing of this land unprofitable. Cutting and burning 
the second growth pasturing for several years, and keeping down 
all sprout growth is the most economical method of handling all 
logged-off lands before stumping them. Explosives play an impor- 
tant part in clearing land. On the heavier soils dynamite, with 20 to 
30 per cent of nitroglycerin or its equivalent, is to be preferred. 
Cooperative buying in large quantities is recommended. Stump 
pullers reduce the cost of stumping on lighter soils. On the heavier 
soils the difference between the cost of clearing by explosives and 
by the use of stump pullers is very slight. 
The cost of clearmg the better grade of white-pine logged-off land 
will average $10 per acre for disposing of the brush and $25 to $30 
per acre for disposing of the stumps, making the cost of clearing $35 
to $40 per acre. Some green hardwood lands and unburned swamp 
lands will cost as much as $100 per acre. Some of the poorer jack- 
pine lands can be cleared for $5 per acre or less.'. The cost of dispos- 
ing of the stumps after pulling practically equals the cost of pulling. 
1 Those contemplating farming the jack-pine lands are urged to study Smith, C. Beaman, Clover farming 
on the sandy jack-pine lands of the North, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Farmers’ Bulletin 323, 24 p., 
1 fig., 1908. 
